Android Http請求方法彙總
這篇文章主要實現了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient訪問網路資源,服務端採用python+flask編寫,使用Servlet太麻煩了。關於Http協議的相關知識,可以在網上檢視相關資料。程式碼比較簡單,就不詳細解釋了。
1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection訪問網路資源
(1)get請求
public String executeHttpGet() { String result = null; URL url = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStreamReader in = null; try { url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }
注意:因為是通過android模擬器訪問本地pc服務端,所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1,使用127.0.0.1會訪問模擬器自身。Android系統為實現通訊將PC的IP設定為10.0.2.2
(2)post請求
public String executeHttpPost() { String result = null; URL url = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStreamReader in = null; try { url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setDoInput(true); connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8"); DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream( connection.getOutputStream()); dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou"); dop.flush(); dop.close(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }
如果引數中有中文的話,可以使用下面的方式進行編碼解碼:
URLEncoder.encode("測試","utf-8")
URLDecoder.decode("測試","utf-8");
2.使用Apache的HttpClient訪問網路資源
(1)get請求
public String executeGet() { String result = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(); request.setURI(new URI( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou")); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response .getEntity().getContent())); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) { try { reader.close(); reader = null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; }
(2)post請求
public String executePost() {
String result = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost request = new HttpPost();
request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));
List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
postParameters);
request.setEntity(formEntity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
.getEntity().getContent()));
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
strBuffer.append(line);
}
result = strBuffer.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
reader = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return result;
}
3.服務端程式碼實現
上面是採用兩種方式的get和post請求的程式碼,下面來實現服務端的程式碼編寫,使用python+flask真的非常的簡單,就一個檔案,前提是你得搭建好python+flask的環境,程式碼如下:
#coding=utf-8 import json from flask import Flask,request,render_template app = Flask(__name__) def send_ok_json(data=None): if not data: data = {} ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data} return json.dumps(ok_json) @app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET']) def data_get(): token = request.args.get('token') ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get') return send_ok_json(ret) @app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST']) def data_post(): token = request.form.get('token') ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post') return send_ok_json(ret) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)
執行伺服器,如圖:
4. 編寫單元測試程式碼
右擊專案:new–》Source Folder取名tests,包名是:com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test(隨便取,沒有要求),結構如圖:
在該包下建立測試類HttpTest,繼承自AndroidTestCase。編寫這四種方式的測試方法,程式碼如下:
public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp");
}
@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown");
}
public void testExecuteGet() {
Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet");
HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
String result = client.executeGet();
Log.e("HttpTest", result);
}
public void testExecutePost() {
Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost");
HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
String result = client.executePost();
Log.e("HttpTest", result);
}
public void testExecuteHttpGet() {
Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet");
HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
String result = client.executeHttpGet();
Log.e("HttpTest", result);
}
public void testExecuteHttpPost() {
Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost");
HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
String result = client.executeHttpPost();
Log.e("HttpTest", result);
}
}
附上HttpClientTest.java的其他程式碼:
public class HttpClientTest {
private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object();
private static HttpClientTest mInstance;
private HttpClientTest() {
}
public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {
synchronized (mSyncObject) {
if (mInstance != null) {
return mInstance;
}
mInstance = new HttpClientTest();
}
return mInstance;
}
/**...上面的四個方法...*/
}
現在還需要修改Android專案的配置檔案AndroidManifest.xml,新增網路訪問許可權和單元測試的配置,AndroidManifest.xml配置檔案的全部程式碼如下:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="15" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_main" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" /> </manifest>
注意:
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”這部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”,填寫應用程式的包名
5.測試結果
展開測試類HttpTest,依次選中這四個測試方法,右擊:Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)執行testExecuteHttpGet,結果如圖:
(2)執行testExecuteHttpPost,結果如圖:
(3)執行testExecuteGet,結果如圖:
(4)執行testExecutePost,結果如圖: