python開發環境jupyter notebook良好的互動式和模組化受到很多python開發人員的青睞，但是jupyter notebook是以json格式儲存檔案內容的，而不是python檔案那樣的普通格式，所以不能直接被python解析器解析，如何呼叫.ipynb中的module也成為一個問題。本文介紹一種方法，使得只要在我們的工作目錄下放置一個python檔案，就可以正常呼叫其他jupyter notebook檔案。
Jupyter Notebook官網介紹了一種簡單的方法：

http://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/Notebook/Importing Notebooks.html

新增jupyter notebook解析檔案

    首先，建立一個python檔案，例如Ipynb_importer.py，程式碼如下：

import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell

class NotebookFinder(object):
    """Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.loaders = {}

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
        if not nb_path:
            return

        key = path
        if path:
            # lists aren't hashable
            key = os.path.sep.join(path)

        if key not in self.loaders:
            self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
        return self.loaders[key]

def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
    """find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path

    This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
    and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
    does not exist.
    """
    name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
    if not path:
        path = ['']
    for d in path:
        nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
        if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
            return nb_path
        # let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
        nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
        if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
            return nb_path

class NotebookLoader(object):
    """Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
    def __init__(self, path=None):
        self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
        self.path = path

    def load_module(self, fullname):
        """import a notebook as a module"""
        path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)

        print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)

        # load the notebook object
        with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            nb = read(f, 4)


        # create the module and add it to sys.modules
        # if name in sys.modules:
        #    return sys.modules[name]
        mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
        mod.__file__ = path
        mod.__loader__ = self
        mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
        sys.modules[fullname] = mod

        # extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
        # actually affect the notebook module's ns
        save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
        self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__

        try:
          for cell in nb.cells:
            if cell.cell_type == 'code':
                # transform the input to executable Python
                code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
                # run the code in themodule
                exec(code, mod.__dict__)
        finally:
            self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
        return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())
 

呼叫jupyter notebook module

    在我們的jupyter notebook檔案裡呼叫Ipynb_importer.py，接下來我們就可以像呼叫普通python檔案一樣呼叫其他.ipynb檔案裡的module了，例如有一個IpynbModule.ipynb檔案，裡面定義了一個foo函式：

呼叫例子如下：

    只要在我們的工作目錄下放置Ipynb_importer.py檔案，就可以正常呼叫所有的jupyter notebook檔案。 這種方法的本質就是使用一個jupyter notenook解析器先對.ipynb檔案進行解析，把檔案內的各個模組載入到記憶體裡供其他python檔案呼叫。