//
// chat_server.cpp
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//
// Copyright (c) 2003-2013 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
//伺服器端程式，首先開啟一個chat_server，用來初始話io_service和chat_room;  伺服器每次只開啟一個chat_room，chat_room的作用是 1//.儲存使用者資訊  2.實現使用者的join和leave  3.儲存從每個客戶端接收到的資訊  4.將接收到的訊息掛到每一個客戶端write_msgs隊尾
//每連線上一個客戶端（socket）就開啟一個新的chat_session 並加入唯一的chat_room   chat_session中實現分別對每一個客戶端的非同步讀寫//操作

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include "chat_message.hpp"

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

typedef std::deque<chat_message> chat_message_queue;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_participant
{
public:
  virtual ~chat_participant() {}
  virtual void deliver(const chat_message& msg) = 0; //後面需要過載
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_participant> chat_participant_ptr;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_room
{
public:
  void join(chat_participant_ptr participant)
  {
    participants_.insert(participant);
    std::for_each(recent_msgs_.begin(), recent_msgs_.end(),
        boost::bind(&chat_participant::deliver, participant, _1));
  }

  void leave(chat_participant_ptr participant)
  {
    participants_.erase(participant);
  }


//將從某個客戶端收到的訊息掛到 每一個客戶端的write_msgs隊尾 具體見chat_participant::deliver

  void deliver(const chat_message& msg)

  {
    recent_msgs_.push_back(msg);
    while (recent_msgs_.size() > max_recent_msgs)
      recent_msgs_.pop_front(); //room中儲存的訊息數有限

    std::for_each(participants_.begin(), participants_.end(),
        boost::bind(&chat_participant::deliver, _1, boost::ref(msg)));
  }

private:
  std::set<chat_participant_ptr> participants_;//用set來儲存使用者資訊
  enum { max_recent_msgs = 100 };
  chat_message_queue recent_msgs_;//用來儲存從某個客戶端接收到的資訊
};

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_session
  : public chat_participant,
    public boost::enable_shared_from_this<chat_session>
{
public:
  chat_session(boost::asio::io_service& io_service, chat_room& room)
    : socket_(io_service),
      room_(room)
  {
  }

  tcp::socket& socket()
  {
    return socket_;
  }

  void start()//每生成一個新的chat_session都會呼叫
  {
    room_.join(shared_from_this());
    boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
        boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
        boost::bind(
          &chat_session::handle_read_header, shared_from_this(),
          boost::asio::placeholders::error)); //非同步讀客戶端發來的訊息
  }

  void deliver(const chat_message& msg)
  {
    bool write_in_progress = !write_msgs_.empty();
    write_msgs_.push_back(msg); //把room中儲存的訊息掛到write_msgs隊尾
    if (!write_in_progress)
    {
      boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
            write_msgs_.front().length()), 
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
  }

  void handle_read_header(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error && read_msg_.decode_header())
    {
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.body(), read_msg_.body_length()),
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_read_body, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

  void handle_read_body(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      room_.deliver(read_msg_);
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_read_header, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

  void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      write_msgs_.pop_front();
      if (!write_msgs_.empty())
      {
        boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
              write_msgs_.front().length()),
            boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
              boost::asio::placeholders::error)); //伺服器端將收到的訊息送給所有的客戶端（廣播的方式）
      }
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

private:
  tcp::socket socket_;
  chat_room& room_;
  chat_message read_msg_;
  chat_message_queue write_msgs_;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_session> chat_session_ptr;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_server
{
public:
  chat_server(boost::asio::io_service& io_service,
      const tcp::endpoint& endpoint)
    : io_service_(io_service),
      acceptor_(io_service, endpoint) //全域性只有一個io_service和一個acceptor
  {
    start_accept();
  }

  void start_accept()
  {
    chat_session_ptr new_session(new chat_session(io_service_, room_));
    acceptor_.async_accept(new_session->socket(),
        boost::bind(&chat_server::handle_accept, this, new_session,
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }

  void handle_accept(chat_session_ptr session,
      const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      session->start();
    }

    start_accept(); //每連線上一個socket都會呼叫
  }

private:
  boost::asio::io_service& io_service_;
  tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
  chat_room room_; //chat_room中沒有過載建構函式 所以會直接呼叫預設建構函式
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_server> chat_server_ptr;
typedef std::list<chat_server_ptr> chat_server_list;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try
  {
    if (argc < 2)
    {
      std::cerr << "Usage: chat_server <port> [<port> ...]\n";
      return 1;
    }

    boost::asio::io_service io_service;

    chat_server_list servers;
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
    {
      using namespace std; // For atoi.
      tcp::endpoint endpoint(tcp::v4(), atoi(argv[i]));
      chat_server_ptr server(new chat_server(io_service, endpoint));
      servers.push_back(server);
    }

    io_service.run();
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
  }

  return 0;
}