shutdown immediate;
startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora';
create spfile from pfile;  
shutdown immediate; 
startup;
 

以下是命令列修改引數的辦法：

alter system set pga_aggregate_target=3232M scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_target=9664M scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_max_size=9664M scope=spfile;

alter system set pga_aggregate_target=6464M scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_target=19328M scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_max_size=19328M scope=spfile;

alter system set open_cursors=1500 scope=both;
alter system set session_cached_cursors=1000 scope=spfile; 

alter system reset pga_aggregate_target scope=spfile;
alter system reset sga_target scope=spfile;
alter system reset sga_max_size scope=spfile;
alter system reset log_archive_start scope=spfile;