Linux中安裝python3.6和第三方庫

如果本機安裝了python2，盡量不要管他，使用python3運行python腳本就好，因為可能有程序依賴目前的python2環境，比如yum！！！！！

一、安裝python3.6

1. 安裝依賴環境

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2.下載Python3

https://
 
www.python.org/downloads/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

3.安裝python3

# mkdir -p /opt/python3
# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.1.tgz

4.進入解壓後的目錄，編譯安裝。

# cd Python-3.6.1
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/python3
# make
# make install

或者

# make && make install

5.建立python3的軟鏈

# ln -s /opt/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

6.將/opt/python3/bin加入PATH

# vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/python3/bin
export PATH

7.生效

# source ~/.bash_profile

8.檢查Python3及pip3是否正常可用

# python3 -V
Python 3.6.1
# pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

不行的話在創建一下pip3的軟鏈接

# ln -s /opt/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

二、安裝pip以及setuptools

豐富的第三方庫是python的優勢所在，為了更加方便的安裝第三方庫，使用pip命令，我們需要進行相應的安裝。

1、安裝pip前需要前置安裝setuptools

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26
tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
cd setuptools-19.6
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

報錯： RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module

我們需要在linux中安裝zlib-devel包，進行支持。

yum install zlib-devel

需要對python3.6進行重新編譯安裝。

cd python3.6.1
make && make install

重新安裝setuptools

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

2、安裝pip

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb
tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz
cd pip-8.0.2
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

如果沒有意外的話，pip安裝完成。

報錯：

pip3 install paramiko

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

解決：

yum install openssl
yum install openssl-devel
cd python3.6.1
make && make install

Linux中安裝python3.6和第三方庫