前段時間玩了一陣子LFS。這一段時間一直做linux系統防護，需要加一塊硬碟，有些知識點忘記了。因此寫一點東西記錄一下。用虛擬機器演示吧
1.首先新增一塊硬碟

2.選擇scsi

3.建立磁碟

4指定磁碟容量（選擇預設）

5完成確定
6.開啟虛擬機器
7.檢視當前磁碟資訊

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512
 
 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000aefbd

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64
 
        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root: 18.8
 
 GB, 18832424960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2289 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可知新新增的磁碟在/dev/sdb
8.格式化

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x70d443e5.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

我們可以輸入m檢視幫助

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition #刪除一個分割槽
   l   list known partition types #列出已知的分割槽型別
   m   print this menu #幫助
   n   add a new partition #建立一個新分割槽
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table 
   p   print the partition table 
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):

9.建立分割槽

Command (m for help): n#建立分割槽
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p#選擇主分割槽
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 1#選擇分割槽名稱
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):#選擇分割槽起始位置
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):#選擇分割槽結束位置（我全部默認了）
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): w#寫入分割槽表
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

10.格式化

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 #格式化分割槽

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

11.掛載，檢視

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir /lfs
[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /lfs/
[root@centos6 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root
                       18G  1.2G   16G   7% /
tmpfs                 498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   30M  422M   7% /boot
/dev/sdb1              20G   44M   19G   1% /lfs

12.開機自動掛載

編輯
[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#加入以下內容
/dev/sdb1               /lfs                    ext4     defaults,       0 1

附格式化swap 分割槽

1.構造系統檔案
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=102400
這裡構建一個100M的系統檔案

mkswap /swapfile
增加交換條目：
/swapfile    swap    swap    defaults  0 0
swapon -a

3.swapon -s
此時可以看到剛剛新增的兩個交換分割槽，其型別分別是partition和file.
或者
mkswap /dev/hdb1
格式化分割槽並建立檔案系統

在/etc/fstab中增加掛載條目：
/dev/sdb2   swap   swap   defaults   0 0

啟用交換分割槽
swapon -a
將所有/etc/fstab中的交換條目都開啟

檢視交換分割槽狀態
swapon -s