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SpringCloud(3)服務消費者(Feign)

上一篇文章,講述瞭如何通過 RestTemplate+Ribbon 去消費服務,這篇文章主要講述如何通過Feign去消費服務。

1.Feign簡介

Feign是一個宣告式的偽Http客戶端,它使得寫Http客戶端變得更簡單。使用Feign,只需要建立一個介面並註解。它具有可插拔的註解特性,可使用Feign 註解和JAX-RS註解。Feign支援可插拔的編碼器和解碼器。Feign預設集成了Ribbon,並和Eureka結合,預設實現了負載均衡的效果。

簡而言之:

  • Feign 採用的是基於介面的註解
  • Feign 整合了ribbon

2.準備工作

繼續用上一節的工程, 啟動eureka-server,埠為8761。啟動 service-hi 兩次,埠分別為 8762 、8763。

3.建一個feign的服務

新建一個spring-boot工程,取名為 serice-feign,在它的pom檔案引入Feign的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依賴spring-boot-starter-web,程式碼如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在工程的配置檔案 application.yml 檔案,指定程式名為 service-feign,埠號為8765,服務註冊地址為http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,程式碼如下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8765
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

在程式的啟動類 ServiceFeignApplication,加上 @EnableFeignClients 註解開啟Feign的功能.

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

定義一個 feign 介面,通過 @FeignClient(“服務名”),來指定呼叫哪個服務。比如在程式碼中呼叫了 service-hi 服務的“/hi”介面,程式碼如下:

@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);//@RequestParam註解必須寫
}

在Web層的controller層,對外暴露一個”/hi”的API介面,通過上面定義的Feign客戶端SchedualServiceHi 來消費服務。程式碼如下:

@RestController
public class HiController {

    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
    }
}

啟動程式,多次訪問http://localhost:8765/hi?name=forezp,瀏覽器交替顯示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763


參考方誌朋《深入理解Spring Cloud與微服務構建》