1. 程式人生 > >【原創】運維基礎之Ansible(1)簡介、安裝和使用

【原創】運維基礎之Ansible(1)簡介、安裝和使用

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官方:https://www.ansible.com/

一 簡介

Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.

It uses no agents and no additional custom security infrastructure, so it‘s easy to deploy - and most importantly, it uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to describe your automation jobs in a way that approaches plain English.

ansible的好處是快速、簡單、易用、不需要安裝agent,可以方便的用於配置管理和應用部署等自動化場景;

二 安裝

1 安裝

yum install -y ansible

2 測試

# ansible --version

ansible 2.7.5

config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

configured module search path = [u‘/root/.ansible/plugins/modules‘, u‘/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules‘]

ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible

executable location = /usr/bin/ansible

python version = 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]

3 配置目錄結構

# ls /etc/ansible/
ansible.cfg hosts roles

三 使用

首先在/etc/ansible/hosts中根據部署結構將server劃分到多個group,然後可以針對某個group執行某些操作;

1 添加server分組配置

vi /etc/ansible/hosts

[all-servers]
192.168.0.54
192.168.0.55
192.168.0.56

以上配置了一個server_group名為all-servers,其中包含3臺server;

可以通過--list查看某個server_group下的所有server:

# ansible all-servers --list

hosts (3):

192.168.0.54

192.168.0.55

192.168.0.56

2 執行操作

格式

ansible $server_group -m $module_name -a $module_args

例如ping:

# ansible all-servers -m ping

192.168.0.54 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.55 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.56 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

例如command:

# ansible all-servers -m command -a "date"
192.168.0.54 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

192.168.0.56 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

192.168.0.55 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

具體的module_name有哪些?可以通過命令查看

# ansible-doc -l

某個module_name的幫助也可以通過命令查看

# ansible-doc $module_name

比如:

# ansible-doc shell

> SHELL (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/commands/shell.py)

The `shell‘ module takes the command name followed by a list of space-delimited arguments. It is almost exactly like the [command] module but runs the command

through a shell (`/bin/sh‘) on the remote node. For Windows targets, use the [win_shell] module instead.

# ansible-doc copy

> COPY (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/files/copy.py)

The `copy‘ module copies a file from the local or remote machine to a location on the remote machine. Use the [fetch] module to copy files from remote locations to

the local box. If you need variable interpolation in copied files, use the [template] module. For Windows targets, use the [win_copy] module instead.

常用module:ping,command,shell,copy,file,script,cron等...

比如向某個group的所有server拷貝文件命令:

# ansible all-servers -m copy -a ‘src=/tmp/1.log dest=/tmp/‘

另外也可以直接指定ip來操作,比如:

# ansible 192.168.0.55 -m ping

【原創】運維基礎之Ansible(1)簡介、安裝和使用