1.安裝OpenCV依賴和工具

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config
$ sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
$ sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev python3.5-dev
 

2.下載OpenCV原始碼和庫函式並解壓

$ cd ~
$ wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.1.0.zip
$ unzip opencv.zip
$ wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/archive/3.1.0.zip
$ unzip opencv_contrib.zip

3.設定Python環境

#這裡實用虛擬環境安裝OpenCV
$ sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
#
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
$ echo -e "\n# virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper" >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo "export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs" >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo "source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
 

4.建立虛擬環境

#Python2
$ mkvirtualenv cv -p python2
#Python3
$ mkvirtualenv cv -p python3

5.啟用虛環境

$ workon cv

檢驗是否啟用虛擬環境：檢查你的命令列- 如果你看到的文字 （CV ） 提示符之前，那麼你 是在 CV 虛擬環境：

如果開頭沒有（cv)字樣則沒有在虛擬環境中：

5.在虛擬環境中安裝Numpy

#虛擬環境中
$ pip install numpy

6.Ubuntu 16.04上配置和編譯OpenCV

#虛擬環境中
$ cd ~/opencv-3.1.0/
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
    -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules \
    -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=~/.virtualenvs/cv/bin/python \
    -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
 

7.輸出檢查

<1>Python 2.7

<2>Python 3

<3>如前面的過程沒有任何錯誤退出，則進行編譯

$ make -j4 #make-j4 後面的數字與計算機核數相同。

<4>如果編譯出錯,可以嘗試下面操作

$ make clean
$ make

<5>編譯成功截圖(編譯過程較長)

<6>安裝

$ sudo make install
$ sudo ldconfig

8.繫結虛擬環境

<1>Python2.7

#檢驗python2.7繫結的OpenCV
$ ls -l /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
total 1972
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 2016608 Sep 15 09:11 cv2.so
#繫結到   Python 2.7的cv虛擬環境中：
$ cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

<2>Python3.5

#python3.5安裝後是繫結的cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so檔案
$ ls -l /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
total 1972
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 2016816 Sep 13 17:24 cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
$ sudo mv cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so cv2.so

$ cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

9.測試

$ cd ~
$ workon cv
$ python
Python 3.5.2 (default, Jul  5 2016, 12:43:10) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cv2
>>> cv2.__version__
'3.1.0'

>