原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 部落格，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明以下出處，否則追究版權法律責任。

實驗環境：Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.2.12

作業系統：CentOS 7（LINUX7）64bit

資料庫：Oracle 12C 64bit

實驗目標：熟悉LINUX7下安裝Oracle12C

操作演示：

（1）、安裝Linux7作業系統

略

（2）、官網下載oracle軟體包

略

（3）、下載oracle12C官方文件

略

（4）、上傳oracle軟體包至linux作業系統下

略

（5）、安裝oracle

5.1 主機配置

--根據經驗，關閉一些無用的服務，否則安裝時可能會出現某些錯誤

#vi serverstop.sh

--編寫關閉服務指令碼

chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
chkconfig cups off
chkconfig firstboot off
chkconfig wpa_supplicant off
chkconfig postfix off
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 

#sh serverstop.sh

--執行關閉服務指令碼

5.2 安裝包

解壓安裝包

[[email protected] /]# cd /software

[[email protected] software]# ls

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

[[email protected] software]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

[[email protected] software]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

檢視官方文件，沒有找到LINUX7需安裝包的文件，找到了LINUX6需要安裝的包，以LINUX6作為參考，步驟如下：

在系統光碟中，按要求找到需要的包，下面是文件中要求安裝的64位的相關包：

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

將找到的包上傳到linux系統下，對其進行安裝

[[email protected] package]# vi  rpm.sh

rpm -ivh binutils-2.23.52.0.1-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glib2-devel-2.36.3-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.17-55.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ksh-20120801-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libxcb-1.9-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh sysstat-10.1.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] package]# sh  rpm.sh

安裝呼叫圖形化需要的包，使用yum安裝下面的包

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum -y install unixODBC

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel

[[email protected] scripts]# yum install -y xterm

--xterm這是呼叫圖形化用的包

5.3 新增使用者及相關目錄

[[email protected] /]# groupadd oinstall

[[email protected] /]# groupadd dba

[[email protected] /]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[[email protected] /]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[[email protected] /]# id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

[[email protected] /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

[[email protected] /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

[[email protected] /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

[[email protected] /]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app

5.4 配置核心引數

[[email protected] /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
~

[[email protected] /]# sysctl -p

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--修改系統限制

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# End of file
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session    required     pam_limits.so

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/profile

--新增以下引數

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

5.5 切換到oracle使用者下，配置環境變數

[[email protected] /]# su - oracle

[[email protected] ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
#PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
#export PATH
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=shenlan
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
~
~
".bash_profile" 18L, 430C written

[[email protected] ~]$ source .bash_profile

5.6 安裝oracle軟體

遠端呼叫圖形安裝oracle軟體

此處使用的X-manager軟體

以下出現的錯誤忽略即可！！！

產生這個問題的原因是，12c的第一版本，還不支援linux7，因此需要手工解決這個問題。

[[email protected] stubs]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/lib/stubs

[[email protected] stubs]# cp * /bak

[[email protected] bak]# rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/lib/stubs/*

[[email protected] bak]# cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk.orig

[[email protected] bak]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk

176行

修改前：

LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS)

修改後：

LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lons

279-280行

修改前：

LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS)

LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS)

修改後：

LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed

LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed

3041-3042行

修改前：

TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \

         $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS)

修改後：

TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \

         $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lnnz12

修改後，點選Retry，如下：

手工修正後，繼續安裝。

[[email protected] bak]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[[email protected] bak]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

至此，oracle軟體安裝完成。

5.7 dbca建庫

使用X-manager呼叫圖形化介面。

[[email protected] ~]$ xhost +

access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[[email protected] ~]$ dbca

5.8 配置監聽

[[email protected] ~]$ netca

驗證監聽狀態，如下：

[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-APR-2015 17:12:03

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                12-APR-2015 17:03:10

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 8 min. 54 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hyldb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/shenlan/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))

Services Summary...

Service "shenlan" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "shenlan", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "shenlanXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "shenlan", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

5.9 配置Net Configuration Assistant

[[email protected] ~]$ netca

簡單演示：

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus scott/[email protected]

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 12 17:14:44 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sun Apr 12 2015 17:10:20 +08:00

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

關於Net Configuration Assistant的配置一般是在客戶端進行配置，此處只作為一種演示。

至此，在LINUX7下安裝Oracle12C完成。

原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 部落格，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明以下出處，否則追究版權法律責任。