爬蟲代理方法的使用
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-20
html 對象創建 結果 ron webp ebp exc exceptio 協議
1.urllib模塊
設置代理的demo代碼如下:
from urllib.error import URLError from urllib import request user_agent = r‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87‘ # Keep-Alive功能使客戶端到服務器端的連接持續有效 headers = {‘User-Agent‘: user_agent} proxy = ‘127.0.0.1:9734‘ proxy_handler= request.ProxyHandler({ ‘http‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy, ‘https‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy }) opener = request.build_opener(proxy_handler) try: req = request.Request(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘,headers=headers) resp = opener.open(req) print(resp.read().decode(‘utf-8‘)) except Exception as e: print(e) 運行結果如下圖所示: {"args": {}, "headers": { "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", "Connection": "close", "Host": "httpbin.org", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" }, "origin": "111.19.38.245", "url": "http://httpbin.org/get" }
在上面的代碼中,先借助request的ProxyHandler方法設置代理,參數是字典類型,鍵的名稱是協議類型,值是代理。需要註意的是代理值的前面要加上協議(http或者https)。當請求時http時,調用http代理,是HTTPS時調用https代理。
創建完ProxyHandler代理後,就可以用request.build_opener方法傳入該對象創建一個opener,這一步完成後代理就創建好了。之後就可以訪問我們需要訪問的鏈接。
2.代理認證
如果遇到需要認證的代理,我們可以使用如下方法設置代理。
proxy = ‘username:[email protected]:9734‘ # 代理認證 proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({ ‘http‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy, ‘https‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy })
3.代理是socks5類型
代理是socks5類型,使用如下類型。
from urllib.error import URLError from urllib import request import socks,socket user_agent = r‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87‘ # Keep-Alive功能使客戶端到服務器端的連接持續有效 headers = {‘User-Agent‘: user_agent} socks.set_default_proxy(socks.SOCKS5,‘127.0.0.1‘,‘9742‘) socket.socket = socks.socksocket try: req = request.Request(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘,headers=headers) resp = request.urlopen(req) print(resp.read().decode(‘utf-8‘)) except Exception as e: print(e)
4.requests方法設置代理
對於requests方法來說,設置代理的方法比較簡單,只需要將代理傳入proxies參數就可以了。其他的socks5和代理認證的方法和上面一樣。代碼如下:
import requests user_agent = r‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87‘ # Keep-Alive功能使客戶端到服務器端的連接持續有效 headers = {‘User-Agent‘: user_agent} proxy = ‘127.0.0.1:9734‘ proxy_handler = { ‘http‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy, ‘https‘: ‘http://‘ + proxy } try: req = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘,proxies = proxy_handler,headers=headers) print(req.text) except Exception as e: print(e)
爬蟲代理方法的使用