1. 程式人生 > >CodeForces 707D Persistent Bookcase (操作建樹DFS|主席樹+主席樹)

CodeForces 707D Persistent Bookcase (操作建樹DFS|主席樹+主席樹)

題意:
給出一個n*m的書櫃,有四種操作
1 i j — Place a book at position j at shelf i if there is no book at it.
在i行j列放一本書,如果已有書則不放
2 i j — Remove the book from position j at shelf i if there is a book at it.
拿走i行j列的書,如果沒有則不拿
3 i — Invert book placing at shelf i. This means that from every position at shelf i which has a book at it, the book should be removed, and at every position at shelf i which has not book at it, a book should be placed.
將第i行的所有書取反,有變無,無變有
4 k — Return the books in the bookcase in a state they were after applying k-th operation. In particular, k = 0 means that the bookcase should be in initial state, thus every book in the bookcase should be removed from its position.
回到第k的操作之後的狀態
對於每一次操作後都要求輸出當前書櫃中總共有多少本書

題解:

解法1:對於所有操作離線,建一個操作樹,如果是1,2,3操作,則與前一操作建邊,如果是4操作則與返回的版本建邊,那麼每個結點存的就是當前操作,DFS一下整顆樹就能得到答案
解法2:對於每一行建一棵主席樹,維護每一列的書本數目,在對所有行建一棵主席樹,維護線段樹版本,對於1,2操作,直接在外層主席樹找到對應的行,在對行中的主席樹進行更新,對於3操作,標記翻轉tag再進行修改操作,對於4操作,直接更換當前外層主席樹版本

解法1:

#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<cstdio> #include<algorithm> #include<map> #include<cstdlib> #include<cmath> #include<vector> //#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000"); using namespace std; #define INF 0x3f3f3f3f #define maxn 200002 int n,m,q; int ans[maxn]; int fir[maxn],nex[maxn],v[maxn],e_max; bool
g[1004][1004]; void init() { e_max=0; memset(fir,-1,sizeof fir); } void add_edge(int s,int t) { int e=e_max++; v[e]=t; nex[e]=fir[s]; fir[s]=e; } struct Q { int id; int p; int i,j; }op[maxn]; bool update(int pos,int j,int val) { if(val==1) { if(!g[pos][j]) {g[pos][j]=1;return true;} else return false; } else if(val==-1) { if(g[pos][j]) {g[pos][j]=0;return true;} else return false; } } int update1(int pos) { int temp=0; for(int i=1;i<=m;i++) { temp+=g[pos][i]; g[pos][i]^=1; } return (m-temp)-temp; } void dfs(int k,int sum) { for(int i=fir[k];~i;i=nex[i]) { int e=v[i]; if(op[e].p==1) { bool f=update(op[e].i,op[e].j,1); ans[op[e].id]=sum+f; dfs(e,sum+f); if(f) update(op[e].i,op[e].j,-1); } else if(op[e].p==2) { bool f=update(op[e].i,op[e].j,-1); ans[op[e].id]=sum-f; dfs(e,sum-f); if(f) update(op[e].i,op[e].j,1); } else if(op[e].p==3) { int f=update1(op[e].i); ans[op[e].id]=sum+f; dfs(e,sum+f); update1(op[e].i); } else if(op[e].p==4) { ans[op[e].id]=sum; dfs(e,sum); } } } int main() { while(scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&q)!=EOF) { init(); for(int i=1;i<=q;i++) { op[i].id=i; scanf("%d",&op[i].p); if(op[i].p==1) { scanf("%d%d",&op[i].i,&op[i].j); add_edge(i-1,i); } else if(op[i].p==2) { scanf("%d%d",&op[i].i,&op[i].j); add_edge(i-1,i); } else if(op[i].p==3) { scanf("%d",&op[i].i); add_edge(i-1,i); } else { scanf("%d",&op[i].i); add_edge(op[i].i,i); } } dfs(0,0); for(int i=1;i<=q;i++) { printf("%d\n",ans[i]); } } return 0; }

解法2:

#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

#define maxn 200005

struct node
{
    int l,r;
    int sum;
    int tag;
    node()
    {
        l=r=sum=tag=0;
    }
} t[maxn*50];

int n,m,q;
int root[maxn],cnt;

int update1(int &i,int pre,int j,int l,int r,int kind)
{
    t[i=++cnt]=t[pre];
    if(l==r&&r==j)
    {
        if(kind==1&&t[i].sum==0)
        {
            t[i].sum=1;
            return 1;
        }
        else if(kind==-1&&t[i].sum==1)
        {
            t[i].sum=0;
            return -1;
        }
        else return 0;
    }
    int mid=l+r>>1;
    if(j<=mid) update1(t[i].l,t[pre].l,j,l,mid,kind);
    else update1(t[i].r,t[pre].r,j,mid+1,r,kind);
}

void update(int &rt,int pre,int pos,int j,int l,int r,int kind)
{
    t[rt=++cnt]=t[pre];
    if(l==r&&r==pos)
    {
        if(!kind)
        {
            t[rt].tag^=1;
            t[rt].sum=m-t[rt].sum;
            return ;
        }
        if(t[rt].tag&&m!=1) kind=-kind;
        int f=update1(rt,pre,j,1,m,kind);
        if(t[rt].tag&&m!=1) f=-f;
        if(m!=1) t[rt].sum+=f;
        return ;
    }
    int mid=l+r>>1;
    if(pos<=mid) update(t[rt].l,t[pre].l,pos,j,l,mid,kind);
    else update(t[rt].r,t[pre].r,pos,j,mid+1,r,kind);
    t[rt].sum=t[t[rt].l].sum+t[t[rt].r].sum;
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&q);
    for(int i=1; i<=q; i++)
    {
        int op;
        scanf("%d",&op);
        if(op==1)
        {
            int a,b;
            scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
            update(root[i],root[i-1],a,b,1,n,1);
            printf("%d\n",t[root[i]].sum);
        }
        else if(op==2)
        {
            int a,b;
            scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
            update(root[i],root[i-1],a,b,1,n,-1);
            printf("%d\n",t[root[i]].sum);
        }
        else if(op==3)
        {
            int a;
            scanf("%d",&a);
            update(root[i],root[i-1],a,a,1,n,0);
            printf("%d\n",t[root[i]].sum);
        }
        else
        {
            int a;
            scanf("%d",&a);
            root[i]=root[a];
            printf("%d\n",t[root[i]].sum);
        }
    }
}
/*
19 1 15
3 4
1 1 1
1 5 1
1 6 1
2 6 1
4 3
2 10 1
1 9 1
3 1
2 1 1
2 5 1
2 13 1
1 1 1
1 14 1
2 14 1

19 16 14
3 10
3 8
3 3
2 5 3
1 7 15
4 0
2 11 2
1 16 3
1 16 3
3 13
1 13 3
4 9
1 5 11
3 1
*/