1.準備

原資料庫的例項名為linuxdb，控制檔案、資料檔案、聯機日誌檔案存放在/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/linuxdb目錄，將所有的檔案拷貝到另外一個目錄/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest。再將linuxdb 的初始化檔案也複製一份出來，執行如下的sql：
Create pfile='/home/oracle/ora9/oracle/dbs/pfiledbtest.ora' from spfile='/home/oracle/ora9/oracle/dbs/spfilelinuxdb.ora';
我們將修改例項名為dbtest。下面我們開始一步一步地進行處理。

2.載入初始化檔案

開啟pfiledbtest.ora檔案，修改對應的dump屬性的路徑名，例項名字，控制檔案路徑等。

然後執行如下命令:

[[email protected] oracle]$ export ORACLE_SID=dbtest

[[email protected] oracle]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 17 16:57:36 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/ora9/oracle/dbs/pfiledbtest.ora' nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area236000356 bytes

Fixed Size451684 bytes

Variable Size201326592 bytes

Database Buffers33554432 bytes

Redo Buffers667648 bytes

SQL>

這樣載入初始化檔案就成功了。

下面接著進行，載入控制檔案。

3.載入控制檔案

先執行如下命令。

SQL> alter database mount;

alter database mount

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info

好像是控制檔案的路徑不對，修改初始檔案再次載入。

SQL> alter database mount;

alter database mount

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01103: database name 'LINUXDB' in controlfile is not 'DBTEST'

根據錯誤資訊提示，是例項名字不一致，但是控制檔案是二進位制的，用vi開啟之後沒法編輯，只能通過用重建控制檔案可以解決。

在/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest目錄下刪除老的三個控制檔案。然後開始重建控制檔案。

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "DBTEST" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING NOARCHIVELOG

2MAXLOGFILES 16

3MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

4MAXDATAFILES 100

5MAXINSTANCES 8

6MAXLOGHISTORY 292

7LOGFILE

8GROUP 1 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

9GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,

10GROUP 3 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo03.log' SIZE 50M

11DATAFILE

12'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/cwmlite01.dbf',

13'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/devbase_20090408.dbf',

14'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/drsys01.dbf',

15'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/example01.dbf',

16'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/indx01.dbf',

17'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/odm01.dbf',

18'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/system01.dbf',

19'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/tools01.dbf',

20'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/undotbs01.dbf',

21'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf',

22'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/xdb01.dbf'

23CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "DBTEST" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING NOARCHIVELOG

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed

ORA-01990: error opening password file '/home/oracle/ora9/oracle/dbs/orapw'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

根據錯誤提示，是缺少密碼驗證檔案，用下面的命令建立密碼檔案。

$cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

orapwd password=chenli file=orapwdbtest

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE 'dbtest' RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING NOARCHIVELOG

2MAXLOGFILES 16

3MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

4MAXDATAFILES 100

5MAXINSTANCES 8

6MAXLOGHISTORY 292

7LOGFILE

8GROUP 1 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

9GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,

10GROUP 3 '/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/redo03.log' SIZE 50M

11DATAFILE

12'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/cwmlite01.dbf',

13'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/devbase_20090408.dbf',

14'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/drsys01.dbf',

15'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/example01.dbf',

16'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/indx01.dbf',

17'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/odm01.dbf',

18'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/system01.dbf',

19'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/tools01.dbf',

20'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/undotbs01.dbf',

21'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf',

22'/home/oracle/ora9/oradata/dbtest/xdb01.dbf'

23CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

Control file created.

現在建立成功了。

建立控制檔案成功了，下面重新啟動資料庫。

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area236000356 bytes

Fixed Size451684 bytes

Variable Size201326592 bytes

Database Buffers33554432 bytes

Redo Buffers667648 bytes

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;

Database altered.

查看錶中的記錄，正確的。

修改例項名成功。

4.總結

由上面的操作可以看到，在資料庫維護中，最重要的是資料檔案，初始化檔案可以從別的例項拷貝過來，然後修改。控制檔案可以重新建立，只要資料檔案正確，就可以重建初始化檔案和控制檔案之後，恢復資料庫。

遇到的錯誤：

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-00200: controlfile could not be created
ORA-00202: controlfile: '/home/ora/ora9/oradata/dbtest/control01.ctl'
ORA-27040: skgfrcre: create error, unable to create file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

請檢視初始化檔案中，控制檔案的路徑是正確，控制檔案的路徑上的目錄是否有許可權建立檔案，如果這些問題都解決了，那麼應該能成功建立控制檔案。