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問題五十二:怎麼用C++實現矩陣運算

C++程式碼如下:

bool matrix_4_4_multiply_4_4(const float matrix1[4][4], const float matrix2[4][4], float (&result)[4][4]) {
//求兩個4*4矩陣的乘積
        for (int k=0; k<4; k++) {
            for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
                result[i][k] = 0.0;
                for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                    result[i][k] = result[i][k] + matrix1[i][j]*matrix2[j][k];
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
}

    int main(){
        float matrix1[4][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5, 6}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
        float matrix2[4][4] = {{2, 3, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5, 6}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
        float result[4][4];
        matrix_4_4_multiply_4_4(matrix1, matrix2, result);
        std::cout << "matrix1:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {//列印matrix1
            for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                std::cout << matrix1[i][j] << "   ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
        std::cout << endl;
        std::cout << "matrix2:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {//列印matrix2
            for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                std::cout << matrix2[i][j] << "   ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
        std::cout << endl;
        std::cout << "matrix1 multiply matrix2:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {//列印matrix1和matrix2的乘積
            for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                std::cout << result[i][j] << "   ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
    }

輸出結果如下:


52.2求轉置矩陣(4*4)




我們程式中用到的4*4的矩陣的轉置。

C++程式碼如下:

bool get_matrix_transpose_4_4(const float matrix[4][4], float (&result)[4][4]) {
    for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
            result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
        }
    }
    return true;
}

int main(){
        float matrix3[4][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {3, 4, 5, 6}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {7, 8, 9, 0}};
        float transpose[4][4];
        get_matrix_transpose_4_4(matrix3, transpose);

        std::cout << "matrix3:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                std::cout << matrix3[i][j] << "   ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
        std::cout << endl;
        std::cout << "transpose:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j<4; j++) {
                std::cout << transpose[i][j] << "   ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
    }

輸出結果如下:

52.3 求逆矩陣(3*3)

求逆矩陣可以用伴隨矩陣,也可以用初等變換。我們這裡是用伴隨矩陣的方法來求逆矩陣。

代數餘子式:

伴隨矩陣:

行列式的計算:

(因為我們這裡用到的是3*3的矩陣,所以,這裡只考慮3階行列式)

求逆矩陣:

C++程式碼如下:

bool get_matrix_inverse_3_3(const float m[3][3], float (&inverse)[3][3]) {
        float det_m = m[0][0]*m[1][1]*m[2][2] + m[0][1]*m[1][2]*m[2][0] + m[0][2]*m[1][0]*m[2][1] -
                      m[0][2]*m[1][1]*m[2][0] - m[0][0]*m[1][2]*m[2][1] - m[0][1]*m[1][0]*m[2][2];
        if (fabs(det_m) < 1e-6) {
            return false;
        }
        else {
            vec3 a = (1/det_m)*vec3(m[1][1]*m[2][2] - m[1][2]*m[2][1],
                                    m[1][2]*m[2][0] - m[1][0]*m[2][2],
                                    m[1][0]*m[2][1] - m[1][1]*m[2][0]);
            vec3 b = (1/det_m)*vec3(m[0][2]*m[2][1] - m[0][1]*m[2][2],
                                    m[0][0]*m[2][2] - m[0][2]*m[2][0],
                                    m[0][1]*m[2][0] - m[0][0]*m[2][1]);
            vec3 c = (1/det_m)*vec3(m[0][1]*m[1][2] - m[0][2]*m[1][1],
                                    m[0][2]*m[1][0] - m[0][0]*m[1][2],
                                    m[0][0]*m[1][1] - m[0][1]*m[1][0]);
            get_matrix_3_3(a, b, c, inverse);
            return true;
        }
}

int main(){
        float matrix4[3][3] = {{1, 0, 1}, {2, 1, 0}, {-3, 2, -5}};
        float inverse[3][3];
        get_matrix_inverse_3_3(matrix4, inverse);
        std::cout << "matrix4:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j<3; j++) {
                std::cout << matrix4[i][j] << "    ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
        std::cout << endl;
        std::cout << "inverse:" << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j<3; j++) {
                std::cout << inverse[i][j] << "    ";
            }
            std::cout << endl;
        }
}

輸出結果如下: