1. 程式人生 > >SPI驅動流程(S3C2440)

SPI驅動流程(S3C2440)

2.6.18核心下已經添加了完整的spi子系統了,參考mtd的分析,將從下到上層,再從上到下層的對其進行分析。以下先從下到上的進行分析:

driver/spi
下有兩個底層相關的spi驅動程式:
spi_s3c24xx.c
spi_s3c24xx_gpio.c

其中spi_s3c24xx.c是基於s3c24xx下相應的spi介面的驅動程式,spi_s3c24xx_gpio.c允許使用者指定3gpio口,分別充當spi_clkspi_mosispi_miso介面,模擬標準的spi匯流排。

s3c2410
自帶了兩個spi介面(spi0spi1),在此我只研究基於s3c2410spi介面的驅動程式spi_s3c24xx.c

首先從spi驅動的檢測函式進行分析:

static int s3c24xx_spi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
        struct s3c24xx_spi *hw;
        struct spi_master *master;
        struct spi_board_info *bi;
        struct resource *res;
        int err = 0;
        int i;

    /* pi_alloc_master
函式申請了struct spi_master+struct s3c24xx_spi
大小的資料,
         * spi_master_get_devdata
pi_master_get分別取出struct s3c24xx_spistruct spi_master結構指標
          */

        master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));
        if (master == NULL) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No memory for spi_master/n");
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_nomem;
         }

     /*
填充struct spi_master結構 */
        hw = spi_master_get_devdata(master);
        memset(hw, 0, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));

        hw->master = spi_master_get(master);
        hw->pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
        hw->dev = &pdev->dev;

        if (hw->pdata == NULL) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No platform data supplied/n");
                err = -ENOENT;
                goto err_no_pdata;
        }

        platform_set_drvdata(pdev, hw);//dev_set_drvdata(&pdev->dev, hw)
        init_completion(&hw->done);

        /* setup the state for the bitbang driver */
   
     /*
填充hw->bitbang結構(hw->bitbang結構充當一箇中間層,相當與input systeminput_handle struct) */
        hw->bitbang.master         = hw->master;
        hw->bitbang.setup_transfer = s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer;
        hw->bitbang.chipselect     = s3c24xx_spi_chipsel;
        hw->bitbang.txrx_bufs      = s3c24xx_spi_txrx;
        hw->bitbang.master->setup  = s3c24xx_spi_setup;

        dev_dbg(hw->dev, "bitbang at %p/n", &hw->bitbang);

        /* find and map our resources */
         /*
申請spi所用到的資源:ioirq、時鐘等 */
        res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
        if (res == NULL) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot get IORESOURCE_MEM/n");
                err = -ENOENT;
                goto err_no_iores;
        }

        hw->ioarea = request_mem_region(res->start, (res->end - res->start)+1,
                                        pdev->name);

        if (hw->ioarea == NULL) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot reserve region/n");
                err = -ENXIO;
                goto err_no_iores;
        }

        hw->regs = ioremap(res->start, (res->end - res->start)+1);
        if (hw->regs == NULL) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot map IO/n");
                err = -ENXIO;
                goto err_no_iomap;
        }

        hw->irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0);
        if (hw->irq < 0) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No IRQ specified/n");
                err = -ENOENT;
                goto err_no_irq;
        }

        err = request_irq(hw->irq, s3c24xx_spi_irq, 0, pdev->name, hw);
        if (err) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot claim IRQ/n");
                goto err_no_irq;
        }

        hw->clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "spi");
        if (IS_ERR(hw->clk)) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No clock for device/n");
                err = PTR_ERR(hw->clk);
                goto err_no_clk;
        }

        /* for the moment, permanently enable the clock */

        clk_enable(hw->clk);

        /* program defaults into the registers */
         /*
初始化spi相關的暫存器 */
        writeb(0xff, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPPRE);
        writeb(SPPIN_DEFAULT, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPPIN);
        writeb(SPCON_DEFAULT, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPCON);
        /* add by lfc */
        s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPE13, 0);
        s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPE12, 0);
        s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE13, S3C2410_GPE13_SPICLK0);
        s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE12, S3C2410_GPE12_SPIMOSI0);
        s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE11, S3C2410_GPE11_SPIMISO0);
        /* end add */

        /* setup any gpio we can */
     /*
片選 */
        if (!hw->pdata->set_cs) {
                s3c2410_gpio_setpin(hw->pdata->pin_cs, 1);
                s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(hw->pdata->pin_cs, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
        }

        /* register our spi controller */
         /*
最終通過呼叫spi_register_master來註冊spi控制器(驅動) */
        err = spi_bitbang_start(&hw->bitbang);
        if (err) {
                dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to register SPI master/n");
                goto err_register;
        }

        dev_dbg(hw->dev, "shutdown=%d/n", hw->bitbang.shutdown);

        /* register all the devices associated */
         /*
註冊所用使用本spi驅動的裝置 */

        bi = &hw->pdata->board_info[0];
        for (i = 0; i < hw->pdata->board_size; i++, bi++) {
                dev_info(hw->dev, "registering %s/n", bi->modalias);

                bi->controller_data = hw;
                spi_new_device(master, bi);
        }

        return 0;

 err_register:
        clk_disable(hw->clk);
        clk_put(hw->clk);

 err_no_clk:
        free_irq(hw->irq, hw);

 err_no_irq:
        iounmap(hw->regs);

 err_no_iomap:
        release_resource(hw->ioarea);
        kfree(hw->ioarea);

 err_no_iores:
 err_no_pdata:
        spi_master_put(hw->master);;

 err_nomem:
        return err;
}

/*
 * spi_alloc_master - allocate SPI master controller
 * @dev: the controller, possibly using the platform_bus
 * @size: how much driver-private data to preallocate; the pointer to this
 *      memory is in the class_data field of the returned class_device,
 *      accessible with spi_master_get_devdata().
 *
 * This call is used only by SPI master controller drivers, which are the
 * only ones directly touching chip registers.  It's how they allocate
 * an spi_master structure, prior to calling spi_register_master().
 *
 * This must be called from context that can sleep.  It returns the SPI
 * master structure on success, else NULL.
 *
 * The caller is responsible for assigning the bus number and initializing
 * the master's methods before calling spi_register_master(); and (after errors
 * adding the device) calling spi_master_put() to prevent a memory leak.
 */
/*
註釋已經寫得很清楚了,本函式旨在分配spi_master struct
 *
其中,device為主控制裝置,size為需要預分配的裝置私有資料大小
 *
該函式被spi主控制器驅動所呼叫,用於在呼叫spi_register_master註冊主控制器前
 *
分配spi_master struct,分配bus number和初始化主控制器的操作方法
 *
注意在分配spi_master struct的時候多分配了大小為size的裝置私有資料
 *
並通過spi_master_set_devdata函式把其放到class_data field裡,以後可以通過spi_master_get_devdata來訪問
 */
struct spi_master * __init_or_module
spi_alloc_master(struct device *dev, unsigned size)
{
        struct spi_master       *master;

        if (!dev)
                return NULL;

        master = kzalloc(size + sizeof *master, SLAB_KERNEL);
        if (!master)
                return NULL;

        class_device_initialize(&master->cdev);
        master->cdev.class = &spi_master_class;
        master->cdev.dev = get_device(dev);
        spi_master_set_devdata(master, &master[1]);

        return master;
}


/*
 * spi_bitbang_start - start up a polled/bitbanging SPI master driver
 * @bitbang: driver handle
 *
 * Caller should have zero-initialized all parts of the structure, and then
 * provided callbacks for chip selection and I/O loops.  If the master has
 * a transfer method, its final step should call spi_bitbang_transfer; or,
 * that's the default if the transfer routine is not initialized.  It should
 * also set up the bus number and number of chipselects.
 *
 * For i/o loops, provide callbacks either per-word (for bitbanging, or for
 * hardware that basically exposes a shift register) or per-spi_transfer
 * (which takes better advantage of hardware like fifos or DMA engines).
 *
 * Drivers using per-word I/O loops should use (or call) spi_bitbang_setup and
 * spi_bitbang_cleanup to handle those spi master methods.  Those methods are
 * the defaults if the bitbang->txrx_bufs routine isn't initialized.
 *
 * This routine registers the spi_master, which will process requests in a
 * dedicated task, keeping IRQs unblocked most of the time.  To stop
 * processing those requests, call spi_bitbang_stop().
 */
int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
{
        int     status;

        if (!bitbang->master || !bitbang->chipselect)
                return -EINVAL;
     /*bitbang_work
       *
初始化a work,後面再create_singlethread_workqueue
      *
等到有資料要傳輸的時候,在spi_bitbang_transfer函式中通過呼叫queue_work(bitbang->workqueue, &bitbang->work)
      *
work扔進workqueue中排程執行
      *
這是核心的一貫做法,在mmc/sd驅動中也是這樣處理的^_^
      */

        INIT_WORK(&bitbang->work, bitbang_work, bitbang);

     /*
初始化自旋鎖和連結串列頭,以後用到 */
        spin_lock_init(&bitbang->lock);
     spi_new_device   INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bitbang->queue);

        if (!bitbang->master->transfer)
                bitbang->master->transfer = spi_bitbang_transfer;//spi
資料的傳輸就是通過呼叫這個方法來實現的
     /* spi_s3c24xx.c
驅動中有相應的txrx_bufs處理方法,在bitbang_work中被呼叫 */
        if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
                bitbang->use_dma = 0;
                bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
                if (!bitbang->master->setup) {
                        if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
                                bitbang->setup_transfer =
                                         spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
                        bitbang->master->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
                        bitbang->master->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
                }
     /* spi_s3c24xx.c
驅動中有相應的setup處理方法,在稍後的spi_new_device中被呼叫 */
        } else if (!bitbang->master->setup)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* this task is the only thing to touch the SPI bits */
        bitbang->busy = 0;
     /*
建立工作者程序 */
        bitbang->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(
                        bitbang->master->cdev.dev->bus_id);
        if (bitbang->workqueue == NULL) {
                status = -EBUSY;
                goto err1;
        }

        /* driver may get busy before register() returns, especially
         * if someone registered boardinfo for devices
         */
        status = spi_register_master(bitbang->master);
        if (status < 0)
                goto err2;

        return status;

err2:
        destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
err1:
        return status;
}


/**
 * spi_register_master - register SPI master controller
 * @master: initialized master, originally from spi_alloc_master()
 *
 * SPI master controllers connect to their drivers using some non-SPI bus,
 * such as the platform bus.  The final stage of probe() in that code
 * includes calling spi_register_master() to hook up to this SPI bus glue.
 *
 * SPI controllers use board specific (often SOC specific) bus numbers,
 * and board-specific addressing for SPI devices combines those numbers
 * with chip select numbers.  Since SPI does not directly support dynamic
 * device identification, boards need configuration tables telling which
 * chip is at which address.
 *
 * This must be called from context that can sleep.  It returns zero on
 * success, else a negative error code (dropping the master's refcount).
 * After a successful return, the caller is responsible for calling
 * spi_unregister_master().
 */
int __init_or_module
spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master)
{
        static atomic_t         dyn_bus_id = ATOMIC_INIT((1<<16) - 1);
        struct device           *dev = master->cdev.dev;
        int                     status = -ENODEV;
        int                     dynamic = 0;

        if (!dev)
                return -ENODEV;

        /* convention:  dynamically assigned bus IDs count down from the max */
        if (master->bus_num < 0) {
                master->bus_num = atomic_dec_return(&dyn_bus_id);
                dynamic = 1;
        }

        /* register the device, then userspace will see it.
         * registration fails if the bus ID is in use.
         */
        snprintf(master->cdev.class_id, sizeof master->cdev.class_id,
                "spi%u", master->bus_num);
        status = class_device_add(&master->cdev);//
註冊裝置
        if (status < 0)
                goto done;
        dev_dbg(dev, "registered master %s%s/n", master->cdev.class_id,
                        dynamic ? " (dynamic)" : "");

        /* populate children from any spi device tables */
        scan_boardinfo(master);
        status = 0;
done:
        return status;
}


/* FIXME someone should add support for a __setup("spi", ...) that
 * creates board info from kernel command lines
 */

/*
 * scan board_list for spi_board_info which is registered by spi_register_board_info
 *
很可惜,s3c24xxspi驅動中不支援spi_register_board_info這種標準方式註冊方式,而是直接呼叫spi_new_device內部函式
 */


static void __init_or_module
scan_boardinfo(struct spi_master *master)
{
        struct boardinfo        *bi;
        struct device           *dev = master->cdev.dev;

        down(&board_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(bi, &board_list, list) {
                struct spi_board_info   *chip = bi->board_info;
                unsigned                n;

                for (n = bi->n_board_info; n > 0; n--, chip++) {
                        if (chip->bus_num != master->bus_num)
                                continue;
                        /* some controllers only have one chip, so they
                         * might not use chipselects.  otherwise, the
                         * chipselects are numbered 0..max.
                         */
                        if (chip->chip_select >= master->num_chipselect
                                        && master->num_chipselect) {
                                dev_dbg(dev, "cs%d > max %d/n",
                                        chip->chip_select,
                                        master->num_chipselect);
                                continue;
                        }
                        (void) spi_new_device(master, chip);
                }
        }
        up(&board_lock);
}


/*
 * Board-specific early init code calls this (probably during arch_initcall)
 * with segments of the SPI device table.  Any device nodes are created later,
 * after the relevant parent SPI controller (bus_num) is defined.  We keep
 * this table of devices forever, so that reloading a controller driver will
 * not make Linux forget about these hard-wired devices.
 *
 * Other code can also call this, e.g. a particular add-on board might provide
 * SPI devices through its expansion connector, so code initializing that board
 * would naturally declare its SPI devices.
 *
 * The board info passed can safely be __initdata ... but be careful of
 * any embedded pointers (platform_data, etc), they're copied as-is.
 */
int __init
spi_register_board_info(struct spi_board_info const *info, unsigned n)
{
        struct boardinfo        *bi;

        bi = kmalloc(sizeof(*bi) + n * sizeof *info, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!bi)
                return -ENOMEM;
        bi->n_board_info = n;
        memcpy(bi->board_info, info, n * sizeof *info);

        down(&board_lock);
        list_add_tail(&bi->list, &board_list);
        up(&board_lock);
        return 0;
}


/* On typical mainboards, this is purely internal; and it's not needed
 * after board init creates the hard-wired devices.  Some development
 * platforms may not be able to use spi_register_board_info though, and
 * this is exported so that for example a USB or parport based adapter
 * driver could add devices (which it would learn about out-of-band).
 */
struct spi_device *__init_or_module
spi_new_device(struct spi_master *master, struct spi_board_info *chip)
{
        struct spi_device       *proxy;//
這個結構很重要,以後就是通過這個結構來操作實際的spi裝置的
        struct device           *dev = master->cdev.dev;
        int                     status;

        /* NOTE:  caller did any chip->bus_num checks necessary */

        if (!spi_master_get(master))
                return NULL;

        proxy = kzalloc(sizeof *proxy, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!proxy) {
                dev_err(dev, "can't alloc dev for cs%d/n",
                        chip->chip_select);
                goto fail;
         }
     /*
初始化spi_device 結構各成員 */
        proxy->master = master;
        proxy->chip_select = chip->chip_select;
        proxy->max_speed_hz = chip->max_speed_hz;
        proxy->mode = chip->mode;
        proxy->irq = chip->irq;
        proxy->modalias = chip->modalias;

        snprintf(proxy->dev.bus_id, sizeof proxy->dev.bus_id,
                        "%s.%u", master->cdev.class_id,
                        chip->chip_select);
        proxy->dev.parent = dev;
        proxy->dev.bus = &spi_bus_type;
        proxy->dev.platform_data = (void *) chip->platform_data;
        proxy->controller_data = chip->controller_data;
        proxy->controller_state = NULL;
        proxy->dev.release = spidev_release;

        /* drivers may modify this default i/o setup */
     /*
呼叫master->setup(s3c24xx_spi_setup)函式初始化spi裝置 */
        status = master->setup(proxy);
        if (status < 0) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "can't %s %s, status %d/n",
                                "setup", proxy->dev.bus_id, status);
                goto fail;
        }

        /* driver core catches callers that misbehave by defining
         * devices that already exist.
         */
        status = device_register(&proxy->dev);//
真正註冊原始裝置
        if (status < 0) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "can't %s %s, status %d/n",
                                "add", proxy->dev.bus_id, status);
                goto fail;
        }
        dev_dbg(dev, "registered child %s/n", proxy->dev.bus_id);
        return proxy;

fail:
        spi_master_put(master);
        kfree(proxy);
        return NULL;
}


static int s3c24xx_spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
{
        int ret;
     /*
進行一些檢查性操作 */
        if (!spi->bits_per_word)
                spi->bits_per_word = 8;

        if ((spi->mode & SPI_LSB_FIRST) != 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        ret = s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer(spi, NULL);
        if (ret < 0) {
                dev_err(&spi->dev, "setupxfer returned %d/n", ret);
                return ret;
        }

        dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s: mode %d, %u bpw, %d hz/n",
                __FUNCTION__, spi->mode, spi->bits_per_word,
                spi->max_speed_hz);

        return 0;
}


static int s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer(struct spi_device *spi,
                                 struct spi_transfer *t)
{
        struct s3c24xx_spi *hw = to_hw(spi);
        unsigned int bpw;
        unsigned int hz;
        unsigned int div;

        bpw = t ? t->bits_per_word : spi->bits_per_word;
        hz  = t ? t->speed_hz : spi->max_speed_hz;

        if (bpw != 8) {
                dev_err(&spi->dev, "invalid bits-per-word (%d)/n", bpw);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        div = clk_get_rate(hw->clk) / hz;

        /* is clk = pclk / (2 * (pre+1)), or is it
         *    clk = (pclk * 2) / ( pre + 1) */

        div = (div / 2) - 1;//
求出預分頻值

        if (div < 0)
                div = 1;

        if (div > 255)
                div = 255;

        dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "setting pre-scaler to %d (hz %d)/n", div, hz);
        writeb(div, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPPRE);//
設定預分頻值

        spin_lock(&hw->bitbang.lock);
        if (!hw->bitbang.busy) {
                hw->bitbang.chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);//
修改時鐘,先禁用spi
                /* need to ndelay for 0.5 clocktick ? */
        }
        spin_unlock(&hw->bitbang.lock);

        return 0;
}


static void s3c24xx_spi_chipsel(struct spi_device *spi, int value)
{
        struct s3c24xx_spi *hw = to_hw(spi);
        unsigned int cspol = spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH ? 1 : 0;
        unsigned int spcon;

        switch (value) {
        case BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE:
     /*
禁用spi(禁用片選) */
                if (hw->pdata->set_cs)
                        hw->pdata->set_cs(hw->pdata, value, cspol);
                else
                        s3c2410_gpio_setpin(hw->pdata->pin_cs, cspol ^ 1);
                break;

        case BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE:
    /*
     *
啟用spi:根據需要設定暫存器並啟用使能片選
     * (
如果spi_board_info中沒有設定相應的mode選項的話,那就只能使用預設值SPPIN_DEFAULTSPCON_DEFAULT)
     */

                spcon = readb(hw->regs + S3C2410_SPCON);

                if (spi->mode & SPI_CPHA)
                        spcon |= S3C2410_SPCON_CPHA_FMTB;
                else
                        spcon &= ~S3C2410_SPCON_CPHA_FMTB;

                if (spi->mode & SPI_CPOL)
                        spcon |= S3C2410_SPCON_CPOL_HIGH;
                else
                        spcon &= ~S3C2410_SPCON_CPOL_HIGH;

                spcon |= S3C2410_SPCON_ENSCK;

                /* write new configration */

                writeb(spcon, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPCON);

                if (hw->pdata->set_cs)
                        hw->pdata->set_cs(hw->pdata, value, cspol);
                else
                        s3c2410_gpio_setpin(hw->pdata->pin_cs, cspol);

                break;

        }
}

好了,至此spi主控制器(驅動)和板上spi設備註冊完畢,以後要使用spi來傳輸資料的話,只要先獲得spi裝置結構,然後就可以利用它來和spi驅動打交道了(就好像你要操作一個檔案,先要獲取檔案控制代碼一樣,明白吧^_^)