實驗目標：理解掌握VTP的配置及其工作原理

實驗TOP：

基本配置

SW1

SW2

R3

基本配置完成。

首先，我們看下一下這個案例。如圖：

通常情況下，我們需要在整個園區網或者企業網中的一組的交換機中保持VLAN資料庫的同步，以保證所有交換機都能從資料幀中讀取相關的VLAN資訊進行正確的資料轉發，然而對於大型網路來說，可能有成百上千臺交換機，而一臺交換機上都可能存在幾十乃至數百個VLAN，如果僅憑網路工程師手工配置的話是一個非常大的工作量，並且也不利於日後維護——每一次新增修改或刪除VLAN都需要在所有的交換機上部署。在這種情況下，我們引入了VTP（VLAN Trunking Protocol）。

VTP即VLAN中繼協議，也被稱為虛擬區域網幹道協議，是思科私有協議。VTP有3種模式:伺服器模式（Server）；客戶機模式（Client）；透明模式（Transparent）。

Server模式：提供VTP訊息（包括VLAN ID和名字資訊）；

學習相同域名的VTP訊息；

轉發相同域名的VTP訊息；

可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN VLAN資訊寫入NVRAM。

Client模式：請求VTP訊息；

學習相同域名的VTP訊息；

轉發相同域名的VTP訊息；

不可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN VLAN資訊不會寫入NVRAM。

Transparent模式：不提供VTP訊息；

不學習VTP訊息；

轉發VTP訊息；

可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN，只在本地有效VLAN資訊寫入NVRAM。

新交換機出廠時的預設配置是預配置為VLAN1，VTP 模式為伺服器。

在VTP域中有兩個重要的概念：　　

VTP域：也稱VLAN管理域，由一個以上共享VTP域名的相互連線的交換機組成的。也就是說VTP域是一組域名相同並通過中繼鏈路相互連線的交換機；　

VTP通告：在交換機之間用來傳遞VLAN資訊的資料包被稱為VTP資料包。 　　

VTP通告包括：彙總通告，子集通告，通告請求。 　　

注意：VTP通過Trunk，VTP Server向其它交換機傳輸資訊和接收更新。若給VTP配置密碼，那麼本域內的所有交換機的VTP密碼必須保持一致。

建立VTP域命令 　switch(config)#vtp domain DOMAIN_NAME　　

配置交換機的VTP模式switch(config)# vtp mode server | client | transparent 　　

配置VTP密碼 　　switch (config) # vtp password PASSWORD 　

檢視VTP配置資訊 　　switch# show vtp status 　

實驗：

假設一個小型公司由總公司和分公司組成，而總公司和分公司裡都有生產部和銷售部。

需求：為了不讓倆不能各個部門相互影響其工作，並能夠使總公司和分公司相同部門成員間能相互通訊。

解決方案：分別在總公司和分公司的交換機上配置相同的兩個VLAN，分別供生產部和銷售部使用，而兩公司交換機的藉口配為trunk模式。

如上圖所示，假設總公司、分公司的交換機命名分別為SW1、SW2，公司規定：交換機fa0/1—10為生產部所使用，fa0/11—20為銷售部所使用，剩餘介面保留。建立VLAN 10和VLAN 20分別為生產部和銷售部所使用。生產部各一成員PC1、PC3，銷售部各一成員PC2、PC4分別連線於總公司、分公司交換機，如上圖。

配置如下：

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#exi

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#exi

SW1(config)#int range f0/1 - f0/10

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if-range)#exi

SW1(config)#int range f0/11 - f0/20

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20

SW1(config-if-range)#exi

SW1(config)#int f0/24

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if-range)#end

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10

20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW2(config)#vlan 10

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW2(config)#vlan 20

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW2(config)#int range f0/1 - f0/10

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

SW2(config-if-range)#exi

SW2(config)#int range f0/11 - f0/20

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20

SW2(config-if-range)#exi

SW2(config)#int f0/24

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if-range)#end

SW2#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10

20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

實驗結果：

PC1或PC3 與PC2或PC4 ping 都不通；

PC2 與PC4 ping通；

PC1 與PC3 ping通。

有此說明：可通過在交換機上建立VLAN以達到把不同位置的PC劃分進同一區域或實現同一區域的邏輯劃分。

但同時也存著在問題：如果在大型公司，存在著多個不同的部門和分公司，需要更多的交換機上實現VLAN的劃分（可能有成百上千臺交換機，而一臺交換機上都可能存在幾十乃至數百個VLAN），如果僅憑網路工程師手工配置的話是一個非常大的工作量，並且也不利於日後維護——每一次新增修改或刪除VLAN都需要在所有的交換機上部署。而現在我們使用VTP只需在一臺交換機上配置所有VLAN，其他交換機則會自動學習其交換機的VLAN資訊。

SW1#sh vtp status 檢視SW1VTP配置資訊

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW2#sh vtp status 檢視SW2VTP配置資訊

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW3#sh vtp status 檢視SW3VTP配置資訊

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

三臺交換機在未作任何VTP配置的情況下自啟動VTP，通過檢視VTP執行狀態命令可以看到：VTP預設模式為伺服器（Server）

SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco 在SW1上建立名字為ciscoVTP域

Changing VTP domain name from NULL to cisco

SW1(config)#exi

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

在交換機SW1上建立名字為cisco的VTP，交換機SW2和SW3上無任何操作，但他們將自動學習到VTP域名：cisco。

SW2(config)#vlan 10

SW2(config-vlan)#end

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

交換機SW2因為新增VLAN 10而修訂版本號有1變為2，而交換機SW1和SW3修訂版本號都為0 < 1，所以自動學習SW2的VLAN配置，自動新增VLAN 10，並同步VTP資訊。由此可以看出：新增VLAN可以使VTP修訂版本號增大，且在多臺交換機VTP都Server模式時，修訂版本號越大資訊越新，會被其他修訂版本號地的交換機學習。

SW2(config)#vtp mode transparent 把交換機SW2設為透明模式

Setting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode.

SW2(config)#vlan 30 在交換機SW2上新增VLAN 30

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW1(config)#vtp mode server 把交換機SW1設為伺服器模式

Device mode already VTP SERVER.

SW1(config)#vlan 20 在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20

SW1(config-vlan)#end

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 2

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x8A 0xBD 0xC9 0xDB 0xE2 0x59 0x61 0x29

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:12:55

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : Transparent

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x2F 0x58 0x29 0x9B 0x10 0x9A 0x42 0x41

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51

SW2#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Gig1/1, Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

30 VLAN0030 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

30 enet 100030 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 2

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x28 0x2B 0x39 0xF0 0xE3 0xCD 0x25 0xC7

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:06:07

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

交換機SW1配置為伺服器模式，交換機SW2配置為透明模式，交換機SW3未作任何配置，預設為伺服器模式。在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20修訂版本再次有1變為2，使交換機SW3自動學習，與交換機SW1同步資訊，新增VLAN 20並同步VTP資訊；而交換機SW2不同步VLAN配置，只發送、轉發通告，所以既不學習VLAN 20，也不會讓交換機SW1和SW3學習到VLAN 30，兩者更不會同步VTP資訊。由此說明：VTP伺服器模式的交換機具有建立、修改和刪除VLAN，傳送、轉發通告，同步VLAN配置作用；VTP透明模式的交換機建立、修改和刪除本交換機的VLANs，不同步VLAN配置，但傳送、轉發通告。

SW3(config)#no vlan 20

SW3(config)#exi

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 3

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xA8 0x0B 0x21 0x34 0x68 0x53 0xE6 0xC1

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:35

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 3

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xA8 0x0B 0x21 0x34 0x68 0x53 0xE6 0xC1

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:35

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Transparent

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x0F 0xB1 0xAC 0x47 0x23 0xFE 0x0A 0x44

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:04:36

在交換機SW3上刪除VLAN 20後，其修訂版本號由2變為3，使交換機SW1自動學習，與交換機SW3同步資訊，刪除VLAN 20，並同步VTP版本號資訊。而交換機SW2去無任何變化，只向交換機SW1、SW3間相互發送、轉發通告。由此看出，新增、刪除VLAN都能使修訂版本號增大。

SW3(config)#vtp mode client

Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.

SW3(config)#vlan 20

VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 3

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : Client

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xF3 0xA4 0x91 0xAC 0x45 0xBD 0x9B 0xB8

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:08:00

SW3(config)#no vlan 10

VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 3

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : Client

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xF3 0xA4 0x91 0xAC 0x45 0xBD 0x9B 0xB8

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:08:00

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#end

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 4

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xF2 0x09 0x72 0xEF 0x3B 0x8B 0x28 0x57

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:10

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW3#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 4

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Client

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xF2 0x09 0x72 0xEF 0x3B 0x8B 0x28 0x57

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:10

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

把交換機SW3配置為客戶機模式，然後在交換機上新增VLAN 20，彈出資訊：VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode. （在VTP客戶機模式下不能新增VLAN配置）；接著在交換機上刪除VLAN 10，彈出資訊：VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode. （在VTP客戶機模式下不能刪除VLAN配置）

在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20，其修訂版本號由3變為4，交換機SW3自動學習，新增VLAN 20並同步VTP資訊。由此說明：VTP客戶機模式的交換機不建立、修改和刪除VLAN；傳送、轉發通告；同步VLAN配置。

SW1(config)#vtp password cisco 給交換機SW1配置VTP密碼為cisco

Setting device VLAN database password to cisco

SW1(config)# vlan 40 在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 40

SW1(config-vlan)#end

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

40 VLAN0040 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW3(config)#vtp password cisco 給交換機SW1配置VTP密碼為cisco

Setting device VLAN database password to cisco

SW3(config)#exi

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

40 VLAN0040 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 40交換機SW3卻沒有新增，因為再新增VLAN 40前交換機SW1 VTP已新增密碼。而在交換機SW3上配上密碼，即可自動學習得VLAN 40。由此可見：若給VTP配置密碼，那麼本域內的所有交換機都必須擁有密碼才能相互同步資訊。

SW3(config)#no vtp password cisco

Clearing device VLAN database password.

SW3(config)#vtp password cisc1

Setting device VLAN database password to cisc1

SW1(config)#vlan 50

SW1(config-vlan)#exi

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

40 VLAN0040 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW3(config)#no vtp password cisc1

Clearing device VLAN database password.

SW3(config)#vtp password cisco

Setting device VLAN database password to cisco

SW3#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

40 VLAN0040 active

50 VLAN0050 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0

50 enet 100050 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

在交換機SW3上VTP使用與SW1不同的密碼cisc1，並在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 50，交換機SW3不能學習到，但使用相同的密碼cisco，則能學習到。由此可見：若給VTP配置密碼，那麼本域內的所有交換機不僅要擁有VTP密碼而且要必須保持一致才能相互同步資訊。

將三臺交換機恢復基本配置。

SW1(config)#int f0/23

SW1(config-if)#no switchport mode trunk

SW2(config)#int f0/23

SW2(config-if)#no switchport mode trunk

SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco

Changing VTP domain name from NULL to cisco

SW1(config)#exi

SW1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

SW1(config)#int f0/23

SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

SW2(config)#int f0/23

SW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : cisco

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

使交換機SW1和SW2相連的介面模式變為預設，則交換機SW2不能學到VTP域名cisco。由此說明：VTP通過Trunk向其它交換機傳輸資訊和接收更新。

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#exi

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#exi

SW2(config)#vlan 30

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW2(config)#vlan 40

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW1(config)#int f0/23

SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

SW2(config)#int f0/23

SW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

Gig1/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW2#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Gig1/1, Gig1/2

30 VLAN0030 active

40 VLAN0040 active

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0

30 enet 100030 1500 - - - - - 0 0

40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0

1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0

1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

SW2(config)#vlan 50

SW2(config-vlan)#exi

SW2#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/