一、Linux系統安裝前準備

Linux系統版本為

1.調整系統swap分割槽大小

root使用者下

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x833eb6d8.
Command (m for help): n

Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 4
First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119): +20G
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4096-41945087, default 4096): “回車”
Using default value 4096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-41945087, default 41945087): “回車”
Using default value 41945087
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 20970492 KiB
no label, UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

新增如下：

UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1 swap swap defaults 0 0

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   36G  6.2G   30G  18% /
devtmpfs               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  1.9G  140K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  1.9G  8.8M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
[[email protected] ~]# free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3.7G       853M       2.9G       9.7M       1.4M       252M
-/+ buffers/cache:       599M       3.1G

Swap:          23G         0B        23G

2.配置yum倉庫(本地磁碟映象iso)

[[email protected] ~]vim etc/yum.repos.d/update.repo[update]name=updatebaseurl=file:///media/cdromenabled=1gpgcheck=0

[[email protected] ~]mkdir /media/cdrom

[[email protected] ~]vim /etc/fstab

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0

[[email protected] ~]mount -a

3.關閉防火牆和selinux

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 

SELINUX=disabled

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop iptables.service

二、Oracle安裝

1.下載Oracle需要的依賴包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glbic-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh unzip compat-libcap*

2.新增賬號跟使用者組

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd dba
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd oinstall
[[email protected] ~]# tail -5 /etc/group
sshd:x:74:
tcpdump:x:72:
yaopeidong:x:1000:
dba:x:1001:
oinstall:x:1002:
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -g dba -G oinstall oracle
[[email protected] ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(dba) groups=1001(dba),1002(oinstall)
[[email protected] ~]# 

nging password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

3.下載xshell 5  

新建連線，輸入IP地址，Linux系統root使用者名稱和密碼

建立儲存檔案目錄，輸入“rz”，調出上傳檔案視窗，選中檔案，點選開啟

4.配置Oracle環境變數

[[email protected] ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=oaec
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

5.修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置檔案，紅色字型為新增內容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[[email protected] ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6.修改/etc/security/limits.conf   紅色字型新增到文件末尾

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

7.修改/etc/pam.d/login   紅色字型為新增內容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       substack     system-auth
auth       include      postlogin
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
session    include      postlogin
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

session required pam_limits.so

8.修改/etc/profile   檔案末尾新增內容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile

unset -f pathmunge
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
 else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
 umask 022
fi

三、開始安裝Oracle

1.解壓Oracledatabase的zip檔案   必須切換到oracle使用者進行解壓

[[email protected] ~]# su - oracle

[[email protected] ~]$ ls /var/oracledata/

linuxx64_12201_database.zip

[[email protected] ~]$ unzip /var/oracledata/linuxx64_12201_database.zip 

2.oracle使用者下，執行如下

報錯：Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors

解決方法：

（1）切換到root使用者

[[email protected] ~]# DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[[email protected] ~]# echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ./xhost
access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
SI:localuser:root
[[email protected] bin]# ./xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

（2）切換到oracle使用者

[[email protected] ~]$ DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[[email protected] ~]$ echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

如沒有報錯請從這裡開始繼續往下

[[email protected] ~]$ cd database/
[[email protected] database]$ ls
install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

[[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller 

3.出現Oracle安裝圖形介面

（1）取消勾選

（2）選擇僅安裝資料庫軟體

（3）選擇單例項資料庫安裝

（4）選擇企業版安裝

（5）按照上面的步驟執行下來，此步驟的預設目錄就不需要修改

（6）選擇對產品清單有寫許可權的使用者組

（7）選擇對資料庫有操作許可權的使用者組

修改完後，reboot重啟虛擬機器，ulimit -a 檢查配置引數

（9）前置檢驗通過，展示概要資訊，點選install

（10）安裝到95%是提示，如下圖所示，對提示中的.sh檔案在root使用者下執行

（11）完成安裝，點選finish

四、建立例項庫

1.oracle使用者下執行dbca，彈出Oracle介面

[[email protected] ~]$ dbca

2.選擇建庫模式

3.選擇一般用途或事務處理

4.輸入全域性資料庫名orcl   SID為oaec  PDB庫名稱pdboaec

5.經過兩個預設配置，配置到監聽，名稱填listener

6.選擇sga與pga自動管理，程序記憶體區大小300M，語言設定

7.選擇EM埠為5500

8.設定資料庫使用者密碼，建議全部設定一樣的，好記憶。

9.建立資料庫

10.顯示概要資訊（忘記截圖），點選安裝

11.提示finish，點選close

12.測試監聽服務

[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status

13.嘗試連線資料庫服務

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

至此安裝結束。