專案中使用分散式併發部署定時任務，多臺跨JVM，按照常理邏輯每個JVM的定時任務會各自執行，這樣就會存在問題，多臺分散式JVM機器的應用服務同時幹活，一個是加重服務負擔，另外一個是存在嚴重的邏輯問題，比如需要回滾的資料，就回滾了多次，剛好quartz提供很好的解決方案。

叢集分散式併發環境中使用QUARTZ定時任務排程，會在各個節點會上報任務，存到資料庫中，執行時會從資料庫中取出觸發器來執行，如果觸發器的名稱和執行時間相同，則只有一個節點去執行此任務。

如果此節點執行失敗，則此任務則會被分派到另一節點執行，中途也會自動檢查失效的定時排程，發現不成功的，其他節點立馬接過來繼續完成定時任務。對應的定時任務排程表比較多，有11個。

此方法是結合Spring與quartz，實際解決方案如下：

####applicationContext-scheduler.xml###  spring 3.11

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task
 
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd"
 
>

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule" />


<bean id="rollbackOrderStatus" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="jobClass" value="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule" />
<property name="durability" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean id="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="rollbackOrderStatus" />
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>0 0/5 * * * ?</value>
</property>
<property name="timeZone">
<value>GMT+8:00</value>
</property>
</bean>

 	
<bean id="quartzScheduler" parent="baseQuartzScheduler">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" />
<property name="autoStartup" value="true" />
<!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server -->
<property name="schedulerName" value="apiQuartzScheduler" />
<!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! -->
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" /> 
</list>
</property>

<property name="jobDetails">
<list>
<ref bean="rollbackOrderStatus" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>

<bean id="baseQuartzScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<!-- 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" />
 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transManager" />

<!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server -->
<property name="schedulerName" value="quartzScheduler" />

<!-- Will update database cron triggers to what is in this jobs file on each deploy. Replaces all previous trigger and job data that was in the database. YMMV -->
<property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" />
<!-- 
<property name="autoStartup" value="true" />
 -->
<property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext" />
<property name="jobFactory">
<bean class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory" />
</property>
<!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! -->
<!-- 
<property name="jobDetails">
<list>
</list>
</property>
<property name="triggers">
<list>
</list>
</property>
-->
</bean>
</beans>

記得對應下面的三個類檔案。

###quartz.properties###

# Using Spring datasource in quartzJobsConfig.xml
# Spring uses LocalDataSourceJobStore extension of JobStoreCMT
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties=true
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true
# 10 mins
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval=600000
org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck=true

# Change this to match your DB vendor
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
# Needed to manage cluster instances
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId=AUTO
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName=MY_JOB_SCHEDULER
 
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export=false
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy=false
org.quartz.threadPool.class=org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount=10
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority=5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread=true

# Configure Plugins
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = \
  org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = \
  Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} fired job \{6\}.\{5\} at: \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy}
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = \
  Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} completed firing job \{6\}.\{5\} at \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy\}.

quartz定時排程常用時間點設定

"0 0 12 * * ?"                     Fire at 12pm (noon) every day
"0 15 10 ? * *"                   Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ?"                   Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ? *"                 Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ? 2005"           Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005
"0 * 14 * * ?"                     Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day
"0 0/5 14 * * ?"                  Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day
"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?"              Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day
"0 0-5 14 * * ?"                   Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day
"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED"         Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March.
"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI"        Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
"0 15 10 15 * ?"                  Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month
"0 15 10 L * ?"                    Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L"                   Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L"                   Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005"   Fire at 10:15am on every last Friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005
"0 15 10 ? * 6#3"                 Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month

真實執行的業務類：ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule.java

應為要持久化等特性操作,需要繼承 QuartzJobBean

由於要被持久化,所以不能存放xxxxManager類似物件,

只能從每次從QuartzJobBean注入的ApplicationContext 中去取出

繼承QuartzJobBean，實現方法executeInternal

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.dennis.walking.api.service.OrderService;


@Component
public class ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule extends QuartzJobBean {

private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());

@Autowired
OrderService orderService;

    
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)
throws JobExecutionException {
log.info("dennis test execute schedule start ");
try {
orderService.releaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error("execute ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus schedule error:"
+ e.getMessage());
}
log.info("dennis test exxcute schedule end");
}
}

持久化資料：PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean.java  儲存資料到資料庫中

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailAwareTrigger;

/**
 * Needed to set Quartz useProperties=true when using Spring classes, because
 * Spring sets an object reference on JobDataMap that is not a String
 * 
 * @see http://site.trimplement.com/using-spring-and-quartz-with-jobstore-properties
 *      /
 * @see http
 *      ://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?130984-Quartz-error-IOException
 */
public class PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean extends CronTriggerFactoryBean {
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
super.afterPropertiesSet();
System.out.println("PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean-------------------");
// Remove the JobDetail element
getJobDataMap().remove(JobDetailAwareTrigger.JOB_DETAIL_KEY);
}
}

###AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory.java### 使用spring的 bean檔案時，需要使用此類

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory;

/**
 * Autowire Quartz Jobs with Spring context dependencies
 * 
 * @see http
 *      ://stackoverflow.com/questions/6990767/inject-bean-reference-into-a-quartz
 *      -job-in-spring/15211030#15211030
 */
public final class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory
implements ApplicationContextAware {

private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;

public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {
beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
}

@Override
protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle)
throws Exception {
final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
beanFactory.autowireBean(job);
System.out.println("AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory-------------------");
return job;
}
}

###tables_mysql.sql###  需要建立的11張表

#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar
# 
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set 
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;


CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    JOB_CLASS_NAME   VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
    TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
    START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
    TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
  (          
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
    INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
    DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) 
    REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
    STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    LOCK_NAME  VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);


commit;

###如果定時任務比較多，建議增加索引提升速度。
/*
reate index idx_qrtz_j_req_recovery on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);  
create index idx_qrtz_j_grp on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_j on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_jg on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_c on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_g on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_n_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_n_g_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_next_fire_time on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE);  
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire_grp on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_trig_inst_name on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_inst_job_req_rcvry on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_j_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_jg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_t_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
create index idx_qrtz_ft_tg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
*/

本文測試軟體環境使用的jar版本是：

quartz-2.2.1.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.34.jar

linux apache-tomcat-7.0.47 ava version "1.7.0_72" 64位

windows7  java version "1.7.0_45"  64位 jetty

Quartz是一個開放原始碼專案，專注於任務排程器，提供了極為廣泛的特性如持久化任務，叢集和分散式任務等。 Quartz核心是排程器，還採用多執行緒管理。

1.持久化任務：當應用程式停止執行時，所有排程資訊不被丟失，當你重新啟動時，排程資訊還存在，這就是持久化任務（儲存到資料庫表中）。

2.叢集和分散式處理：當在叢集環境下，當有配置Quartz的多個客戶端時（節點），採用Quartz的叢集和分散式處理時，我們要了解幾點好處

1) 一個節點無法完成的任務，會被叢集中擁有相同的任務的節點取代執行。

2） Quartz排程是通過觸發器的類別來識別不同的任務，在不同的節點定義相同的觸發器的類別，這樣在叢集下能穩定的執行，一個節點無法完成的任務，會被叢集中擁有相同的任務的節點取代執行。

3）分散式體現在當相同的任務定時在一個時間點，在那個時間點，不會被兩個節點同時執行。

Quartz的 Task（11 張表）例項化採用資料庫儲存，基於資料庫引擎及 High-Available 的策略（叢集的一種策略）自動協調每個節點的 Quartz。