【Z】MyEclipse中Ant的配置與測試
在Eclipse中使用Ant
Ant是Java平臺下非常棒的批處理命令執行程式,能非常方便地自動完成編譯,測試,打包,部署等等一系列任務,大大提高開發效率。如果你現在還沒有開始使用Ant,那就要趕快開始學習使用,使自己的開發水平上一個新臺階。
Eclipse中已經集成了Ant,我們可以直接在Eclipse中執行Ant。
以前面建立的Hello工程為例,建立以下目錄結構:
新建一個build.xml,放在工程根目錄下。build.xml定義了Ant要執行的批處理命令。雖然Ant也可以使用其它檔名,但是遵循標準能更使開發更規範,同時易於與別人交流。
通常,src存放Java原始檔,classes存放編譯後的class檔案,lib存放編譯和執行用到的所有jar檔案,web存放JSP等web檔案,dist存放打包後的jar檔案,doc存放API文件。
然後在根目錄下建立build.xml檔案,輸入以下內容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="Hello world" default="doc"><!-- properies -->
<property name="src.dir" value="src" />
<property name="report.dir" value="report" />
<property name="classes.dir" value="classes" />
<property name="lib.dir" value="lib" />
<property name="dist.dir" value="dist" />
<property name="doc.dir" value="doc"/><!-- 定義classpath -->
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
</path><!-- 初始化任務 -->
<target name="init">
</target><!-- 編譯 -->
<target name="compile" depends="init" description="compile the source files">
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" target="1.4">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target><!-- 測試 -->
<target name="test" depends="compile" description="run junit test">
<mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/>
<junit printsummary="on"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath" />
<formatter type="plain"/>
<batchtest todir="${report.dir}">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="**/*Test.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
</fail>
</target><!-- 打包成jar -->
<target name="pack" depends="test" description="make .jar file">
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" />
<jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}">
<exclude name="**/*Test.*" />
<exclude name="**/Test*.*" />
</jar>
</target><!-- 輸出api文件 -->
<target name="doc" depends="pack" description="create api doc">
<mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" />
<javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}"
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
windowtitle="Test API">
<packageset dir="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes="yes">
<include name="example/**" />
</packageset>
<doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello, test</h1>]]></doctitle>
<bottom><![CDATA[<i>All Rights Reserved.</i>]]></bottom>
<tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" />
</javadoc>
</target>
</project>
以上xml依次定義了init(初始化),compile(編譯),test(測試),doc(生成文件),pack(打包)任務,可以作為模板。
選中Hello工程,然後選擇“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,選擇“Ant Build”:
填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse Workspace”選擇工程根目錄),由於用到了junit.jar包,搜尋Eclipse目錄,找到junit.jar,把它複製到 Hello/lib目錄下,並新增到Ant的Classpath中:
然後在Builder面板中鉤上Ant_Build,去掉Java Builder:
再次編譯,即可在控制檯看到Ant的輸出:
Buildfile: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\build.xml
init:
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classestest:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\report
[junit] Running example.HelloTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 secpack:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist
[jar] Building jar: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist\hello.jardoc:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc
[javadoc] Generating Javadoc
[javadoc] Javadoc execution
[javadoc] Loading source files for package example...
[javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information...
[javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4.2_04
[javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all classes...
[javadoc] Generating F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css...
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags: @todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names.
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds
Ant依次執行初始化,編譯,測試,打包,生成API文件一系列任務,極大地提高了開發效率。將來開發J2EE專案時,還可加入部署等任務。並且,即使脫離了Eclipse環境,只要正確安裝了Ant,配置好環境變數ANT_HOME=<Ant解壓目錄& gt;,Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin,在命令列提示符下切換到Hello目錄,簡單地鍵入ant即可。