Problem Description
In the game of DotA, Pudge’s meat hook is actually the most horrible thing for most of the heroes. The hook is made up of several consecutive metallic sticks which are of the same length.

Now Pudge wants to do some operations on the hook.

Let us number the consecutive metallic sticks of the hook from 1 to N. For each operation, Pudge can change the consecutive metallic sticks, numbered from X to Y, into cupreous sticks, silver sticks or golden sticks.
The total value of the hook is calculated as the sum of values of N metallic sticks. More precisely, the value for each kind of stick is calculated as follows:

For each cupreous stick, the value is 1.
For each silver stick, the value is 2.
For each golden stick, the value is 3.

Pudge wants to know the total value of the hook after performing the operations.
You may consider the original hook is made up of cupreous sticks.

Input
The input consists of several test cases. The first line of the input is the number of the cases. There are no more than 10 cases.
For each case, the first line contains an integer N, 1<=N<=100,000, which is the number of the sticks of Pudge’s meat hook and the second line contains an integer Q, 0<=Q<=100,000, which is the number of the operations.
Next Q lines, each line contains three integers X, Y, 1<=X<=Y<=N, Z, 1<=Z<=3, which defines an operation: change the sticks numbered from X to Y into the metal kind Z, where Z=1 represents the cupreous kind, Z=2 represents the silver kind and Z=3 represents the golden kind.

Output
For each case, print a number in a line representing the total value of the hook after the operations. Use the format in the example.

Sample Input
1
10
2
1 5 2
5 9 3

Sample Output
Case 1: The total value of the hook is 24.

看了一晚上區間更新，算是稍微搞懂了怎麼回事。應該是每次更新只更新到需要更新的區間就行，然後設一個標記，下一次更新時再先計算這些標記並清零，再繼續這波更新

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define MAXN 25
#define Mod 10001
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn=222222;
long long sum[maxn<<2],add[maxn<<2];
void PushUp(int rt)
{
    sum[rt]=sum[rt<<1]+sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void PushDown(int rt,int m)
{
    if(add[rt])
    {
        add[rt<<1]=add[rt<<1|1]=add[rt];
        sum[rt<<1]=(m-(m>>1))*add[rt];
        sum[rt<<1|1]=(m>>1)*add[rt];
        add[rt]=0;
    }
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt)
{
    add[rt]=0;
    if(r==l)
    {
        sum[rt]=1;
        return;
    }
    int m=(l+r)>>1;
    build(lson);
    build(rson);
    PushUp(rt);
}
void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(L<=l&&r<=R)
    {
        add[rt]=c;
        sum[rt]=c*(r-l+1);
        return;
    }
    PushDown(rt,r-l+1);
    int m=(l+r)>>1;
    if(L<=m)
        update(L,R,c,lson);
    if(R>m)
        update(L,R,c,rson);
    PushUp(rt);
}
int main()
{
    int t,cnt=1;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        int n,q;
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&q);
        build(1,n,1);
        while(q--)
        {
            int x,y,z;
            scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
            update(x,y,z,1,n,1);
        }
        printf("Case %d: The total value of the hook is %I64d.\n",cnt++,sum[1]);
    }
    return 0;
}