java微信訂閱號（公眾號）開發案例
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-12
微信公眾號開發一般是針對企業和組織的，個人一般只能申請訂閱號，並且呼叫的介面有限，下面我們就來簡單的描述下接入公眾號的步驟：
1、首先你需要一個郵箱在微信公眾號平臺進行註冊；
註冊的方式有訂閱號、公眾號、小程式和企業號，個人我們這裡只能選擇訂閱號
2、註冊完後，我們登入到公眾號平臺--->開發--->基本配置,這裡需要填寫URL和token，URL就是我們使用伺服器的介面；
3、java web伺服器程式編譯好且在伺服器上部署可以執行的話，可在微信公眾號進行線上介面除錯：
1）、選擇合適的介面
2）、系統會生成該介面的引數表，您可以直接在文字框內填入對應的引數值（紅色星號表示該欄位必填）
3）、點選檢查問題按鈕，即可得到相應的除錯資訊
eg:獲取access_token的步驟：
1）、介面型別：基礎支援
2）、介面列表：獲取access_token介面/token
3）、填寫相應的引數：grant_type、appid、secret
4）、點選檢查問題
5）、驗證成功會返回結果和提示，結果為：200 ok,提示：Request successful即表示驗證成功
我們這裡驗證比較多的是訊息介面除錯：文字訊息、圖片訊息、語音訊息、視訊訊息、etc
4、介面有不理解的地方，可進入開發-->開發者工具-->開發者文件進行查詢
5、介面許可權：訂閱號主要有基礎支援、接收訊息及網頁服務裡面的一些介面
下面我們主要講訂閱號怎麼樣接收訊息的案例：
1、需要申請一個個人微信訂閱號
2、url伺服器和伺服器端程式碼部署（可以用騰訊雲or阿里雲伺服器）
1）、AccountsServlet.java類，驗證來自微信伺服器和微信伺服器的訊息處理
package cn.jon.wechat.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import cn.jon.wechat.service.AccountsService; import cn.jon.wechat.utils.SignUtil; public class AccountsServlet extends HttpServlet { public AccountsServlet() { super(); } public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Put your code here } /** * 確認請求來自於微信伺服器 */ public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("介面測試開始！！！"); //微信加密簽名 String signature = request.getParameter("signature"); //時間戳 String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp"); //隨機數 String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce"); //隨機字串 String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); //通過校驗signature對請求進行校驗，若校驗成功則原樣返回echostr，表示接入成功，否則接入失敗 if(SignUtil.checkSignature(signature,timestamp,nonce)){ out.print(echostr); } out.close(); out = null; // response.encodeRedirectURL("success.jsp"); } /** * 處理微信伺服器發來的訊息 */ public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //訊息的接受、處理、響應 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //呼叫核心業務型別接受訊息、處理訊息 String respMessage = AccountsService.processRequest(request); //響應訊息 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print(respMessage); out.close(); } public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }
2）、SignUtil.java類，請求校驗工具類，token需要和微信中填寫的token一致
package cn.jon.wechat.utils;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* 請求校驗工具類
* @author jon
*/
public class SignUtil {
//與微信配置中的的Token一致
private static String token = "";
public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp,
String nonce) {
String[] arra = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce};
//將signature,timestamp,nonce組成陣列進行字典排序
Arrays.sort(arra);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i=0;i<arra.length;i++){
sb.append(arra[i]);
}
MessageDigest md = null;
String stnStr = null;
try {
md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
byte[] digest = md.digest(sb.toString().getBytes());
stnStr = byteToStr(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//釋放記憶體
sb = null;
//將sha1加密後的字串與signature對比，標識該請求來源於微信
return stnStr!=null?stnStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()):false;
}
/**
* 將位元組陣列轉換成十六進位制字串
* @param digestArra
* @return
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] digestArra) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String digestStr = "";
for(int i=0;i<digestArra.length;i++){
digestStr += byteToHexStr(digestArra[i]);
}
return digestStr;
}
/**
* 將位元組轉換成為十六進位制字串
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte dByte) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
char[] Digit = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
char[] tmpArr = new char[2];
tmpArr[0] = Digit[(dByte>>>4)&0X0F];
tmpArr[1] = Digit[dByte&0X0F];
String s = new String(tmpArr);
return s;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*byte dByte = 'A';
System.out.println(byteToHexStr(dByte));*/
Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();
map.put("4", "zhangsan");
map.put("100", "lisi");
Set set = map.keySet();
Iterator iter = set.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
// String keyV = (String) iter.next();
String key =(String)iter.next();
System.out.println(map.get(key));
// System.out.println(map.get(iter.next()));
}
/*for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){
}*/
}
}
3）、AccountsService.java服務類，主要是訊息的請求和響應處理，並且當用戶關注你的公眾號的時候，可以設定預設推送訊息
package cn.jon.wechat.service;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.utils.MessageUtil;
/**
* 解耦，使控制層與業務邏輯層分離開來，主要處理請求，響應
* @author jon
*/
public class AccountsService {
public static String processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
String respMessage = null;
//預設返回的文字訊息內容
String respContent = "請求處理異常，請稍後嘗試！";
try {
//xml請求解析
Map<String,String> requestMap = MessageUtil.pareXml(request);
//傳送方賬號（open_id）
String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
//公眾賬號
String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
//訊息型別
String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
//預設回覆此文字訊息
TextMessage defaultTextMessage = new TextMessage();
defaultTextMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
defaultTextMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
defaultTextMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
defaultTextMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);
defaultTextMessage.setFuncFlag(0);
// 由於href屬性值必須用雙引號引起，這與字串本身的雙引號衝突，所以要轉義
defaultTextMessage.setContent("歡迎訪問<a href=\"http://blog.csdn.net/j086924\">jon的部落格</a>!");
// defaultTextMessage.setContent(getMainMenu());
// 將文字訊息物件轉換成xml字串
respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(defaultTextMessage);
//文字訊息
if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)){
//respContent = "Hi,您傳送的是文字訊息！";
//回覆文字訊息
TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
// textMessage.setToUserName(toUserName);
// textMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName);
//這裡需要注意，否則無法回覆訊息給使用者了
textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);
textMessage.setFuncFlag(0);
respContent = "Hi，你發的訊息是："+requestMap.get("Content");
textMessage.setContent(respContent);
respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
}
//圖片訊息
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE)){
ImageMessage imageMessage=new ImageMessage();
imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
imageMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE);
//respContent=requestMap.get("PicUrl");
imageMessage.setPicUrl("http://img24.pplive.cn//2013//07//24//12103112092_230X306.jpg");
respMessage = MessageUtil.imageMessageToXml(imageMessage);
}
//地理位置
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION)){
LocationMessage locationMessage=new LocationMessage();
locationMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
locationMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
locationMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
locationMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION);
locationMessage.setLocation_X(requestMap.get("Location_X"));
locationMessage.setLocation_Y(requestMap.get("Location_Y"));
locationMessage.setScale(requestMap.get("Scale"));
locationMessage.setLabel(requestMap.get("Label"));
respMessage = MessageUtil.locationMessageToXml(locationMessage);
}
//視訊訊息
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO)){
VideoMessage videoMessage=new VideoMessage();
videoMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
videoMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
videoMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
videoMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO);
videoMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
videoMessage.setThumbMediaId(requestMap.get("ThumbMediaId"));
respMessage = MessageUtil.videoMessageToXml(videoMessage);
}
//連結訊息
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK)){
LinkMessage linkMessage=new LinkMessage();
linkMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
linkMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
linkMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
linkMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK);
linkMessage.setTitle(requestMap.get("Title"));
linkMessage.setDescription(requestMap.get("Description"));
linkMessage.setUrl(requestMap.get("Url"));
respMessage = MessageUtil.linkMessageToXml(linkMessage);
}
//語音訊息
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE)){
VoiceMessage voiceMessage=new VoiceMessage();
voiceMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
voiceMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
voiceMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
voiceMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE);
voiceMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
voiceMessage.setFormat(requestMap.get("Format"));
respMessage = MessageUtil.voiceMessageToXml(voiceMessage);
}
//事件推送
else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT)){
//事件型別
String eventType = requestMap.get("Event");
//訂閱
if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE)){
respContent = "謝謝關注！";
}
//取消訂閱
else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE)){
//
System.out.println("取消訂閱");
}
else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_CLICK)){
//自定義選單訊息處理
System.out.println("自定義選單訊息處理");
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return respMessage;
}
public static String getMainMenu()
{
StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer();
buffer.append("您好，我是jon,請回複數字選擇服務:").append("\n");
buffer.append("1、我的部落格").append("\n");
buffer.append("2、 歌曲點播").append("\n");
buffer.append("3、 經典遊戲").append("\n");
buffer.append("4 、聊天打牌").append("\n\n");
buffer.append("回覆"+"0"+"顯示幫助選單");
return buffer.toString();
}
}
4）、MessageUtil.java幫助類，包括常量的定義和xml訊息轉換和處理
package cn.jon.wechat.utils;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.Article;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.MusicMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.NewsMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;
/**
* 各種訊息的處理類
* @author jon
*/
public class MessageUtil {
/**
* 文字型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text";
/**
* 音樂型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC = "music";
/**
* 圖文型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_NEWS = "news";
/**
* 視訊型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO = "video";
/**
* 圖片型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE = "image";
/**
* 連結型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK = "link";
/**
* 地理位置型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION = "location";
/**
* 音訊型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE = "voice";
/**
* 推送型別
*/
public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT = "event";
/**
* 事件型別：subscribe（訂閱）
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";
/**
* 事件型別：unsubscribe（取消訂閱）
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";
/**
* 事件型別：click（自定義選單點選事件）
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_CLICK= "CLICK";
/**
* 解析微信發來的請求 XML
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Map<String,String> pareXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
//將解析的結果儲存在HashMap中
Map<String,String> reqMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
//從request中取得輸入流
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
//讀取輸入流
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
//得到xml根元素
Element root = document.getRootElement();
//得到根元素的所有子節點
List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
//遍歷所有的子節點取得資訊類容
for(Element elem:elementList){
reqMap.put(elem.getName(),elem.getText());
}
//釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
return reqMap;
}
/**
* 響應訊息轉換成xml返回
* 文字物件轉換成xml
*/
public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(textMessage);
}
/**
* 語音物件的轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String voiceMessageToXml(VoiceMessage voiceMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", voiceMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(voiceMessage);
}
/**
* 視訊物件的轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String videoMessageToXml(VideoMessage videoMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", videoMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(videoMessage);
}
/**
* 音樂物件的轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(musicMessage);
}
/**
* 圖文物件轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass());
xstream.alias("item", new Article().getClass());
return xstream.toXML(newsMessage);
}
/**
* 圖片物件轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String imageMessageToXml(ImageMessage imageMessage)
{
xstream.alias("xml",imageMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(imageMessage);
}
/**
* 連結物件轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String linkMessageToXml(LinkMessage linkMessage)
{
xstream.alias("xml",linkMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(linkMessage);
}
/**
* 地理位置物件轉換成xml
*
*/
public static String locationMessageToXml(LocationMessage locationMessage)
{
xstream.alias("xml",locationMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(locationMessage);
}
/**
* 拓展xstream，使得支援CDATA塊
*
*/
private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver(){
public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out){
return new PrettyPrintWriter(out){
//對所有的xml節點的轉換都增加CDATA標記
boolean cdata = true;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void startNode(String name,Class clazz){
super.startNode(name,clazz);
}
protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer,String text){
if(cdata){
writer.write("<![CDATA[");
writer.write(text);
writer.write("]]>");
}else{
writer.write(text);
}
}
};
}
});
}
5）、BaseMessage.java訊息基類(包括：開發者微訊號、使用者賬戶、建立時間、訊息型別、訊息ID變數)，文字、視訊、圖片訊息都會繼承此基類，在此基礎上擴充套件自己的變數，可根據開發者文件中的各種訊息屬性進行定義
package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
* 訊息基類 （普通使用者-公眾號）
* @author jon
*/
public class BaseMessage {
//開發者微訊號
private String ToUserName;
//傳送方賬號（一個openId）
private String FromUserName;
//訊息建立時間（整型）
private long CreateTime;
//訊息型別（text/image/location/link...）
private String MsgType;
//訊息id 64位整型
private String MsgId;
public BaseMessage() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public BaseMessage(String toUserName, String fromUserName, long createTime,
String msgType, String msgId) {
super();
ToUserName = toUserName;
FromUserName = fromUserName;
CreateTime = createTime;
MsgType = msgType;
MsgId = msgId;
}
public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}
public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}
public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public long getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}
public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
public String getMsgId() {
return MsgId;
}
public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
MsgId = msgId;
}
}
package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
* 文字訊息
* @author jon
*/
public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage{
//訊息內容
private String content;
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}
package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
* 圖片訊息
* @author jon
*/
public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage{
//圖片連結
private String PicUrl;
public String getPicUrl() {
return PicUrl;
}
public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
PicUrl = picUrl;
}
}
8）、VideoMessage.java視訊訊息
package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage {
private String mediaId;
private String thumbMediaId;
public String getMediaId() {
return mediaId;
}
public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
this.mediaId = mediaId;
}
public String getThumbMediaId() {
return thumbMediaId;
}
public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {
this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;
}
}