一步一步完成SSM框架整合(Spring+Spring MVC + Mybatis)
新建maven工程
eclipse中選擇new Maven Project項,制定archetype為webapp,填寫好groupId之類的,然後finish,這時可能工程有一些錯誤,通過修改Java Build Path,修復錯誤:
然後new一個server,將這個專案新增進去,修改server的context path為“/”,http埠設定為“80”,然後開啟瀏覽器,訪問“127.0.0.1”,出現“Hello world”即為成功:
加入Spring
首先在pom.xml檔案中dependency節點下新增下列依賴:
<dependency>
<groupId >org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
版本在properties節點下自己控制,這裡只用引入一個spring-context,相關依賴的jar maven會幫我們自動引入,不用重複累贅再寫一次。
為了測試spring整合的效果,我們需要一個bean來測試,新建一個User測試類:
package com.cjt.ssm.model;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this .age = age;
}
}
同時在resources目錄下新建一個spring的入口配置檔案spring.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.cjt.ssm.model.User" />
</beans>
然後新建main方法測試類Test,測試spring是否整合成功:
package com.cjt.ssm;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.cjt.ssm.model.User;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
執行Test類,若是spring整合成功,日誌臺會列印相關spring載入日誌,並且user也能夠正常獲取,列印user:
加入Mybatis
涉及到資料持久化方面,首先得有資料來源,在本地mysql資料庫ssm下新建一張user表:
然後隨便新增一條記錄,{“name”:”ssm”,”age”:18},方便待會測試之用;
然後同樣在pom.xml新增MyBatis的依賴:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
指定版本為mybatis版本為3.2.0,mysql版本是5.1.33;
在resources目錄下新建mybatis.xml,作為mybatis的配置檔案:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<!-- 配置資料庫連線資訊 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="xxx" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- resource需要寫成路徑的形式 -->
<mappers>
<!-- <mapper resource="userMapper.xml"/> -->
</mappers>
</configuration>
然後同目錄新建測試的userMapper.xml,主要用於編寫sql:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace用作標識mapper的唯一,通常包名+檔名 -->
<mapper namespace="user">
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.cjt.ssm.model.User">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
記得在上面mybatis.xml配置檔案的mappers節點下新增這個作為測試的userMapper,這樣mybatis的準備工作也做完了,修改Test內容,驗證MyBatis是否正常:
package com.cjt.ssm;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import com.cjt.ssm.model.User;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis.xml";
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
// build接受不同的引數,可採取其他方法建立SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);
SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
String statement = "user.findAll";
// session擁有多個方法,可以自行研究
List<User> users = session.selectList(statement);
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
修改User類增加toString()方法,執行程式,若是能正常列印我們user表中的資料,則MyBatis配置成功:
整合Spring與MyBatis
首先新建一個dao包,在下面編寫User對應的藉口UserDao:
package com.cjt.ssm.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.cjt.ssm.model.User;
public interface UserDao {
List<User> findAll();
}
然後修改spring.xml配置檔案,將資料庫配置和dao所對應的bean都新增進去:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>Cjt00382114.</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml" />
</bean>
<!-- DAO介面所在包名,Spring會自動查詢其下的類(不用寫註解) -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.cjt.ssm.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
記得修改userMapper.xml的namespace為該Dao的全路徑,這樣保證了spring繫結的bean能夠執行對應的sql語句,然後去掉mybatis.xml配置檔案中的資料來源配置節點environments ;
這一步就要添整合相關的依賴jar包了:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${commons-dbcp.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>${commons-dbcp.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
修改Test檔案,準備測試:
package com.cjt.ssm;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.cjt.ssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.cjt.ssm.model.User;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
UserDao userDao = ctx.getBean("userDao", UserDao.class);
List<User> users = userDao.findAll();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
觀察控制檯輸出,正常輸出user表中的資料則說明spring與mybatis整合成功:
整合Spring MVC
首先引入Spring MVC所需要的jar包:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
修改spring.xml,新增springmvc相關配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cjt.ssm" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>Cjt00382114.</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml" />
</bean>
<!-- DAO介面所在包名,Spring會自動查詢其下的類(不用寫註解) -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.cjt.ssm.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
然後修改web.xml,配置springmvc servlet分發器,並設定request/response的編碼格式:
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<!-- 編碼過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
新建controller,作為springmvc的測試之用:
package com.cjt.ssm.controller;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.cjt.ssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.cjt.ssm.model.User;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/")
public class TestController {
@Resource
private UserDao userDao;
@RequestMapping(value="/test")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> test(){
List<User> users = userDao.findAll();
return users;
}
}
此時就可以啟動server,測試了:
此時,還沒算作大功告成。。。
解決亂碼
亂碼的問題,歸根結底就是編碼不一致導致的。例如,你的檔案是utf-8的,你卻硬要用gbk的編碼方式展示,那麼就會顯示一長串的亂碼。既然這樣,那麼簡單來說,解決辦法即為統一編碼。為了字元編碼相容,統一設定為“UTF-8”。
首先設定filter過濾器,設定request和response的編碼方式,在web.xml中新增過濾器:
<!-- 編碼過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
這個對應解決post表單的引數後天接受時,和response往頁面輸出內容時出現的亂碼情況,但記得使用response的時候設定response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8")
;
使用jsp頁面渲染的要注意頭部新增<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
,並且同時設定當前html<meta charset="UTF-8">
,其他頁面渲染(freemaker、vm等)自行研究配置,這裡不深入討論。這適用於解決一些原本存在頁面中的中文亂碼,即controller返回的頁面原本的中文內容亂碼。
springmvc、tomcat、eclipse預設都是ISO-8859-1
,所以都需要手動設定編碼為UTF-8
。
因此,若是controller註解了@Responsebody
直接返回的String內容,沒有經過response輸出,這種也會亂碼,所以還要修改spring.xml,配置springmvc的編碼,將<mvc:annotation-driven />
修改為:
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 訊息轉換器 -->
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
到這裡可以算作,SSM框架整合成功!!