Android Studio中Gradle使用詳解
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-13
一)基本配置
-
build配置
buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } }
Android指令碼
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
Android配置
android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" }
專案結構
MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app ├── build.gradle ├── build ├── libs └── src └── main ├── java │ └── com.package.myapp └── res ├── drawable ├── layout └── etc.
Gradle Wrapper結構(這些新建專案時都新增給了使用者,不需要重新新增)
myapp/ ├── gradlew ├── gradlew.bat └── gradle/wrapper/ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar └── gradle-wrapper.properties
執行build任務 - 列出所有可用任務
$ ./gradlew tasks
生成App-debug.apk任務
$ ./gradlew assembleDebug # Apk路徑: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk
手動匯入Eclipse-Android專案(自動匯入請連續點“下一步”)
在專案路徑下建立build.gradle檔案:buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" sourceSets { main { manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml' java.srcDirs = ['src'] resources.srcDirs = ['src'] aidl.srcDirs = ['src'] renderscript.srcDirs = ['src'] res.srcDirs = ['res'] assets.srcDirs = ['assets'] } androidTest.setRoot('tests') } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }
PS 也可以複製貼上Eclipse-Android專案的原始碼到Android Studio的專案裡
二)自定義配置
Gradle所有檔案結構
MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app └── build.gradle
settings.gradle
include ':app'
MyApp/build.gradle
buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } allprojects { repositories { jcenter() } }
MyApp/app/build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted" minSdkVersion 14 targetSdkVersion 22 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' }
基礎任務
$ ./gradlew assemble -為所有構建型別建立apk $ ./gradlew check 執行所有的檢查,比如說Android Lint,如果發現問題可終止任務 $ ./gradlew build 執行以上兩個任務 $ ./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk ++++ $ ./gradlew connectedCheck - 在裝置上執行測試 $ ./gradlew deviceCheck - 遠端裝置執行測試 $ ./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在裝置商安裝指定版本 $ ./gradlew uninstall - 解除安裝
Build Types不同版本的引數設定 - BuildConfig/Resource Value
android { buildTypes { debug { applicationIdSuffix ".debug" buildConfigField "String", "API_URL","\"http://test.example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "true" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example DEBUG" } release { buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "false" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example" } } }
全域性設定(專案根目錄的build.gradle)
allprojects { apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" } }
設定全域性引數
ext { compileSdkVersion = 22 buildToolsVersion = "22.0.1" }
在MyApp/app/build.gradle裡面使用引數
android { compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion }
預設任務(MyApp/build.gradle)
defaultTasks 'clean', 'assembleDebug'
三) 依賴管理
倉庫
預設配置倉庫repositories { mavenCentral() jcenter() mavenLocal() }
遠端倉庫
repositories { maven { url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2" credentials { username 'user' password 'secretpassword' } } ivy { url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo" } }
本地倉庫
repositories { maven { url "../repo" } }
本地依賴
專案檔案依賴dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }
原生庫結構與配置
# 結構: app ├── AndroidManifest.xml └── jniLibs ├── armeabi │ └── nativelib.so ├── armeabi-v7a │ └── nativelib.so ├── mips │ └── nativelib.so └── x86 └── nativelib.so # 配置: android { sourceSets.main { jniLibs.srcDir 'src/main/libs' } }
Libray專案
# 修改Android外掛: apply plugin: 'com.android.library' # settings.gradle新增libray專案: include ':app', ':library' # app內引用library專案: dependencies { compile project(':library') }
.aar檔案
# 生成arr repositories { flatDir { dirs 'aars' } } # 使用aar dependencies { compile(name:'libraryname', ext:'aar') }
依賴概念
# 動態版本 dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.+' compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2+' compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:+' }
Android Studio內新增依賴
四)構建變體
- 構建型別
android { buildTypes { # release型別 release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } # staging型別 複製debug型別 staging.initWith(buildTypes.debug) staging { applicationIdSuffix ".staging" versionNameSuffix "-staging" buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://staging.example.com/api\"" } } }
- 產品格局
android { productFlavors { red { applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.red' versionCode 3 } blue { applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.blue' minSdkVersion 14 versionCode 4 } } }
- 構建變體
<待續>
- 簽名配置
android { signingConfigs { staging.initWith(signingConfigs.debug) release { storeFile file("release.keystore") storePassword"secretpassword" keyAlias "gradleforandroid" keyPassword "secretpassword" } } }
五)多模組構建管理
- 加速構建
在gradle.properties裡面新增: org.gradle.parallel=true
六) 測試
單元測試
使用JUnit# 結構: app └─── src ├─── main │ ├─── java │ │ └─── com.example.app │ └───res └─── test └─── java └─── com.example.app # 依賴: dependencies { testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' }
使用Robolectric
# 依賴: apply plugin: 'org.robolectric' dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0' testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0' } # Demo: @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config(manifest = "app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk = 18) public class MainActivityTest { @Test public void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() { AppCompatActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get(); Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button); TextView textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label); button.performClick(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric))); } }
功能測試
使用Espresso<待續>
測試覆蓋度
使用Jacoco<待續>
七)建立任務與外掛
<待續>
八)配置CI
<待續>
九)自定義配置 - 進階
- 縮減apk檔案大小
使用ProGuard
收縮資原始檔 - 自動 (<手動待續>)android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } }
android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true } } }
加速構建
org.gradle.parallel=true # 並行構建 org.gradle.daemon=true # 開啟Gradle守護程序 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m # 配置JVM<參照下圖>
使用Profiling<待續>
使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)
<待續>
忽略Lint
android { lintOptions { abortOnError false } }
使用Ant
<待續>
app打包 - 進階
分割apkandroid { splits { density { enable true exclude 'ldpi', 'mdpi' compatibleScreens 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge' } } } 生成結果: app-hdpi-release.apk app-universal-release.apk app-xhdpi-release.apk app-xxhdpi-release.apk app-xxxhdpi-release.apk
引用:
- 《Gradle for Android》
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