在ubuntu 搭建屬於自己的ftp伺服器
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-14
最近給自己的伺服器用vsftpd搭了個ftp伺服器,看了網上許多部落格,總有一些錯誤,自己總結一下,適用於自己,大家可以作為參考
第一步:sudo apt-get install vsftpd
安裝vsftpd
修改/etc/vsftpd.conf如下:# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. #xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=NO chroot_list_enable=NO # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=ftp # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key ssl_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem. utf8_filesystem=YES
上面的配置檔案中,我不是很熟悉,我挑一些我稍微知道的講。
listen=NO不瞭解,我查看了很多部落格,這個設定的是YES,但是我設定成YES,登陸直接被拒絕。 anonymous_enable=NO拒絕匿名登陸 write_enable=YES設定可以上傳檔案,這個設定看需要個人需要 xferlog_enable=YES開啟日誌記錄 xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log設定日誌檔案路徑 xferlog_std_format=YES設定日誌格式為標準輸出 connect_from_port_20=YES繫結20埠 ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.歡迎語句,在使用shell時可以看到
下面這幾個的設定比較重要:
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
上面的這幾個配置實現的功能是:使用者被限制在自己的主目錄下。使用者名稱單來源於/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list。
具體可以參考:http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/42398811
一個重要的配置:
pam_service_name=ftp原配置中為vsftpd,ubuntu使用者需要更改成ftp
新增ftp使用者:
sudo useradd -d /var/myftp ftpuser
設定使用者密碼
sudo passwd ftpuser
建立需要的檔案,設定許可權
vim /etc/vsftpd.user_list
然後將ftpuser新增進白名單
賦予許可權
mkdir /home/username/pub
chmod 777 -R /home/username/pub新建一個pub目錄用於存放檔案,並且賦予全部訪問許可權
啟動vsftpd或者重啟service vsftpd start
- 在windows的檔案資源管理器或者在瀏覽器中開啟
ftp://ip
輸入賬號密碼,即可用登陸。瀏覽器中只能檢視,檔案操作如新建等需要在window的檔案資源管理器中或者filezila中進行。
注意:我在搭建的過程中出現一些錯誤,總結一下,
1.在vsftpd.conf配置檔案中不能出現空格 例如:listen=NO後面不能有空格
2.連線ftp出現331 Please specify the password 解決方法:是因為ubuntu啟用了PAM,所在用到vsftp時需要用到 /etc/pam.d/vsftpd 這個檔案(預設原始碼安裝的不會有這個檔案),因此除了匿名使用者外本地使用者無法登入。所以解決的辦法就是刪除這個檔案
sudo rm /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
3.檢視ftp服務埠
netstat -antup | grep ftp