在Centos6.5上安裝Oracle11g沒有設定字符集，採用的是作業系統預設字符集：WE8MSWIN1252，將字符集修改為：ZHS16GBK。

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Dec 28 12:17:01 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
WE8MSWIN1252

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size   2213776 bytes
Variable Size1056966768 bytes
Database Buffers 536870912 bytes
Redo Buffers   7360512 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter job_queue_processes;  

NAME    TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
job_queue_processes    integer1000
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;

System altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK; 

Database altered.

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size   2213776 bytes
Variable Size1056966768 bytes
Database Buffers 536870912 bytes
Redo Buffers   7360512 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=1000;

System altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL>