SqlServer 與 MySQL 基本操作語句對比
繼上篇 MySQL 基本操作語句 後，個人測試和補充了 SqlServer 與 MySQL 的 基本操作語句對比，主要是對比SQL命令的一些差異，不作更多說明。
（由於mysql 沒有系統學習過，歡迎大俠們拍磚~~O(∩_∩)O~）
SqlServer版本：SqlServer 2008
MySQL版本： MySQL 5.5
執行符號：
MySQL ：分號';'
SqlServer ：字元'GO'
自增列：MySQL必須要索引，不能設定增量；
預設值：MySQL預設值不用加括號；SqlServer可加或不加；
--MySQL
CREATE TABLE tabName(
ID INTPRIMARY
Value INTDEFAULT 12
) AUTO_INCREMENT= 100ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULTCHARSET=utf8;
--SqlServer
CREATE TABLE tabName(
ID INTIDENTITY(100,1)PRIMARYKEY,
Value INTDEFAULT(12)
)
查看錶結構定義：
--SqlServer
EXEC sp_help'tabName'
--MySQL
DESC tabName
更改表名：
--SqlServer
EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname=
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE tabName RENAME newTabName
更改欄位型別：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ALTERCOLUMN [ID] BIGINT
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE tabName MODIFY IDBIGINT
更改欄位名：
--SqlServer
EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname=N'tabName.ID',@newname='IewID',@objtype='column'
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE tabName CHANGE IDIewIDBIGINT
新增欄位：（一樣）
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ADDNAME NVARCHAR(200)NULL
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE tabName ADD NAMENVARCHAR(200)NULL
刪除欄位：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]DROPCOLUMN NAME
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE tabName DROP NAME
新增主鍵/外來鍵或約束：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ADDCONSTRAINT pk_tabNamePRIMARYKEY (id);
--MySQL
ALTER TABLEtabNameADD CONSTRAINT pk_tabNamePRIMARYKEYtabName(id);
ALTER TABLEsubTabNameADD CONSTRAINT fk_subTabName_tabNameFOREIGNKEYsubTabName(fid)REFERENCEStabName(id);
刪除主鍵/外來鍵或約束：
--SqlServer（統一語法）
ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]DROPCONSTRAINT pk_tabName
--MySQL
ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP CONSTRAINT constaintName
ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName
ALTER TABLE subTabName DROP FOREIGNKEYfk_subTabName_tabName
刪除表：
--SqlServer
DROP TABLEtabName,TabName2;
--MySQL
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tabName,TabName2;
#######################################################################################
建立檢視：
--MySQL
CREATE ORREPLACEVIEW VtabName
AS
SELECT *FROMtabName
WITH CHECK OPTION;
--SqlServer
CREATE VIEWVtabName
AS
SELECT *FROMtabName
WITH CHECK OPTION;
檢視結構和定義：
--MySQL
DESC VtabName;
SHOW CREATEVIEWVtabName;
SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'VtabName';
--SqlServer
sp_help VtabName
sp_helptext VtabName
刪除檢視：
--MySQL
DROP VIEWtabName;
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS tabName;
--SqlServer
DROP VIEWtabName;
#######################################################################################
建立索引：
--MySQL
CREATE TABLEtabName(id INT NOTNULL,KEYindName(id));
ALTER TABLEtabNameADD INDEX indName(Value);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ONtabName(Value);
--SqlServer
CREATE TABLE tabName(IDINTIDENTITY(100,1)CONSTRAINTPK_tabNamePRIMARYKEY)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ONtabName(Value);
重建索引：
--MySQL
REPAIR TABLE tabName QUICK;
--SqlServer
DBCC DBREINDEX('dbo.tabName','',100)
ALTER INDEXindNameON tabName REBUILD;
ALTER INDEX ALL ON tabNameREORGANIZE;
刪除索引：
--MySQL
ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP INDEX indName;
ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName;
ALTER TABLEsubTabNameDROP FOREIGN KEY fk_subTabName_tabName;
DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;
--SqlServer
DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;
ALTER TABLE tabName DROP CONSTRAINTPK_tabName
檢視索引：
--MySQL
SHOW INDEX FROM tabName;
--SqlServer
SELECT *FROMsys.indexesWHEREobject_id= OBJECT_ID('tabName')
SELECT * FROM sys.sysindexesWHEREid = OBJECT_ID('tabName')
#######################################################################################
檢視儲存過程/函式定義：
--MySQL
SHOW CREATE{PROCEDURE | FUNCTION }name;
SHOW {PROCEDURE| FUNCTION } STATUS[ LIKE 'pattern'];
SELECT * FROM information_schema.RoutinesWHEREROUTINE_NAME='name';
--SqlServer
exec sp_helpf_getdate
exec sp_helptextf_getdate
SELECT * FROM information_schema.RoutinesWHEREROUTINE_NAME='name';
儲存過程：
--MySQL
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDUREsp_name(INparam1 INT,OUTparam2INT)
BEGIN
{sql_statement}
END//
DELIMITER ;
CALL sp_name();
DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS sp_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE PROCEDUREsp_name(@param1INT,@param2INTOUTPUT)
AS
BEGIN
{sql_statement}
END
GO
EXEC sp_name();
DROP PROCEDUREsp_name;
函式：
--MySQL
DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTIONfn_name()
RETURNS Decimal(10,2)
RETURN 3.14;
//
DELIMITER ;
SELECT fn_name();
DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS fn_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE FUNCTIONdbo.fn_name()
RETURNS Decimal(10,2)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN 3.14
END
GO
SELECT dbo.fn_name();
DROP FUNCTIONdbo.fn_name;
觸發器：
--MySQL
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGERtr_name
{ AFTER|BEFORE } { INSERT| UPDATE | DELETE}
ON tabName
FOR EACHROW
BEGIN
{sql_statement;}
END
DELIMITER ;
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tr_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE TRIGGERdbo.tr_name
ON [dbo].[tabName]
{ FOR|AFTER | INSTEAD OF}{ INSERT | UPDATE| DELETE }
AS
BEGIN
{sql_statement;}
END
GO
DROP TRIGGER dbo.tr_name
#######################################################################################
迴圈語句：
--MySQL（1至100之和）
WHILE 迴圈：
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;
WHILE I<= 100DO
SET K=I + K;
SET I=I + 1;
END WHILE;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
REPEAT UNTIL 迴圈：
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;
REPEAT
SET K=I + K;
SET I=I + 1;
UNTIL I>100
END REPEAT;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
LOOP 迴圈：
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;
LABEL: LOOP
SET K=I + K;
SET I=I + 1;
IF I>100THEN
LEAVE LABEL;
END IF;
END LOOP;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
CALL TESTPRO();
DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS TESTPRO;
--SqlServer
DECLARE @I INT = 1
DECLARE @K INT = 0
WHILE @I<= 100
BEGIN
SET @K = @K + @I
SET @I = @I + 1
END
SELECT @K
遊標：
--MySQL(引數名稱不能與列明一樣)
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE FName varchar(50);
DECLARE LName varchar(50);
DECLARE IsDone BOOLEAN DEFAULTFALSE;
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT FirstName,LastNameFROMPerson;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUNDSETIsDone = TRUE;
OPEN cursor_name;
LABEL: LOOP
FETCH cursor_name INTO FName,LName;
IF IsDoneTHEN
LEAVE LABEL;
END IF;
SELECT CONCAT('Contact Name:',FName,LName)ASName;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_name;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
--SqlServer
DECLARE @LastName varchar(50),@FirstNamevarchar(50);
DECLARE contact_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT LastName,FirstNameFROM Person
OPEN contact_cursor;
FETCH NEXTFROMcontact_cursorINTO@LastName,@FirstName;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT 'Contact Name: ' + @FirstName + ' '+@LastName
FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursorINTO@LastName,@FirstName;
END
CLOSE contact_cursor;
DEALLOCATE contact_cursor;
GO
#######################################################################################
檢視賬戶資訊：
--MySQL
select Host,User,Passwordfrommysql.user;
show grantsfor'username'@'localhost';
--SqlServer
select *fromsys.syslogins
select * from sys.sysuserswhereissqluser = 1
新增賬戶：
--MySQL(insertinto mysql.user 預設禁止,去掉my.init\sql-mode\STRICT_TRANS_TABLES)
CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';
INSERT INTOmysql.user(Host,User,Password)
VALUES ('localhost','username',PASSWORD('password'));
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GO
CREATE LOGIN[username]WITH PASSWORD=N'password',CHECK_POLICY=OFF
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GO
CREATE USER [username] FORLOGIN[username]
GO
更改密碼：
--MySQL
mysqladmin -uusername -p123456 password 654321
set password=password("kk");
set passwordfor'username'@'localhost'=password('123456');
update mysql.usersetPassword = PASSWORD('123456')WHEREuser='username';
flush privileges;
--SqlServer
ALTER LOGIN[username]WITH PASSWORD=N'123456'
sp_password @new = '123456',@loginame='username'--,@old = 'old_password'
--MySQL
GRANT SELECTon*.* to 'username'@'localhost'identifiedby 'password';
REVOKE allprivileges,grant option FROM'username'@'localhost';
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GRANT CONNECTSQLTO [username]
REVOKE CONNECTSQLTO [username]
EXEC master..sp_addsrvrolemember@loginame=N'username',@rolename= N'sysadmin'
EXEC master..sp_dropsrvrolemember@loginame=N'username' ,@rolename=N'sysadmin'
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECTON[dbo].[TestTab]TO[username]
REVOKE INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECTON[dbo].[TestTab]TO[username]
EXEC sp_addrolememberN'db_owner',N'username'
EXEC sp_droprolememberN'db_owner',N'username'
GO
刪除賬戶：
--MySQL
DROP user 'username'@'localhost';
DELETE FROMmysql.userWHEREuser='username';
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GO
DROP LOGIN[TUser]
sp_droplogin @loginame = 'username'
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GO
DROP USER [TUser]
sp_dropuser @name_in_db = 'username'
GO