CentOS 7 MariaDB搭建主從伺服器
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-03-26
本文編寫環境為CentOS7。確保關閉SELinux，關閉防火牆或者防開啟指定埠。具體資訊如下
#master [root@promote ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@promote ~]# [root@promote ~]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.216.135 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.216.255 inet6 fe80::ccc2:d1b:1fc4:8ce2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:7e:c3:24 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 913 bytes 70384 (68.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 438 bytes 47706 (46.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 78 bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 78 bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 #slave [root@promote ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@promote ~]# [root@promote ~]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.216.136 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.216.255 inet6 fe80::9a13:471b:dee2:4e27 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::ccc2:d1b:1fc4:8ce2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::c354:a1e1:869f:7ae1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:36:5d:96 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 66317 bytes 89492193 (85.3 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 22069 bytes 1979972 (1.8 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@promote ~]#
為保證測試順利進行，請關閉SELinux。
下文將演示主從伺服器安裝MariaDB Server，啟動資料庫，新增開機啟動。
#安裝軟體 [root@promote ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-devel mariadb-server -y #啟動服務 [root@promote ~]# systemctl start mariadb 檢視服務執行狀態 [root@promote ~]# systemctl status mariadb ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 一 2019-03-25 22:08:41 CST; 4s ago Process: 7647 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 7616 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 7646 (mysqld_safe) CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service ├─7646 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr └─7808 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --p... 3月 25 22:08:38 promote.cache-dns.local systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server... 3月 25 22:08:38 promote.cache-dns.local mariadb-prepare-db-dir[7616]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/mysql already, nothing is done. 3月 25 22:08:38 promote.cache-dns.local mysqld_safe[7646]: 190325 22:08:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'. 3月 25 22:08:38 promote.cache-dns.local mysqld_safe[7646]: 190325 22:08:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 3月 25 22:08:41 promote.cache-dns.local systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server. #新增開機啟動項 [root@promote ~]# systemctl enable mariadb Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. [root@promote ~]#
修改master 配置檔案。vim /etc/my.cnf 。server_id=1 （不能相同）。主從伺服器修改完畢配置檔案並儲存後重啟資料庫服務。
//配置檔案增加內容 //server_id 不能相同 server_id=1 //[必須]伺服器唯一ID，預設是1，一般取IP最後一段 log-bin=mysql-bin //[必須]啟用二進位制日誌 #master 配置檔案 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd server_id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d #slave 配置檔案 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd server_id=10 log-bin=mysql-bin [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
master伺服器執行命令如下。
#登入資料庫
[root@promote ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 222
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#允許root使用者任意登入
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#檢視master 狀態
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 387 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> slave伺服器執行命令並檢視狀態。
#登入slave伺服器
[root@promote ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#配置master資訊，檢視上文master_log_file和master_log_pos
#master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=387;
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.216.135',master_user='root',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=387;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#部分選項註釋
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master #IO連線執行緒狀態
Master_Host: 192.168.216.135 #master 伺服器地址
Master_User: root #master使用者名稱稱
Master_Port: 3306 #監聽master埠資訊
Connect_Retry: 60 #連線失敗重試連線時間
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 #master伺服器二進位制日誌檔名
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 387 #master Position id
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000001 #slave 讀取執行中繼檔案位置
Relay_Log_Pos: 4 #slave 讀取執行中繼檔案位置
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 #
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting #IO執行緒是否連線到master伺服器狀態【重要選項】
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #SQL執行緒啟動情況【重要選項】
Replicate_Do_DB: #同步資料庫名稱
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 387
Relay_Log_Space: 245
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 2003
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master '[email protected]:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400 message: Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.216.135' (113)
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
檢查Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running狀態均為Yes即可。
查詢server_id結果。
#master server_id
MariaDB [db]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 1 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db]>
#slave server_id
MariaDB [db]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 10 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [db]>
master建立一個簡單資料庫和表，並插入若干條資料，slave伺服器查詢資料庫和表。
#master資料庫操作
[root@promote ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 245 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 1 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use db
Database changed
MariaDB [db]> create table test(id int,name text);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db]> insert into test values(1,"bill"),(2,"tom");
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [db]>
#slave資料庫操作
[root@promote ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.216.135',master_user='root',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.216.135
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 825
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use db
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [db]> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_db |
+--------------+
| test |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db]> select * from test;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | bill |
| 2 | tom |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db]> 附加查詢mariadb軟體安裝情況。
[root@promote ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-devel-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64