percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 工具包可以從官網下載
https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.4/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安裝xtrabackup工具包(需要啟用epel源)

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
 

備份過程

1）完全備份

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/base

2）第一次修改數據

MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value(‘xiaoai‘,33);
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes           |
| coc               |
| courses           |
| scores            |
| students          |
| teachers          |
| toc               |
+-------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [hellodb]> drop table toc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 

3）第一次增量備份

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/base

4）第二次修改數據

MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set gender=‘F‘ where tid=5;`

5）第二次增量

[[email protected] ~]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1
 

6）將備份的數據庫文件拷貝至遠程主機

備份過程生成三個備份目錄

[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 May  6 23:11 base
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May  6 23:13 inc1
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May  6 23:17 inc2

[[email protected] ~]# scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.93.102:/data/backup

還原過程

在遠程主機上確認是否復制成功

[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 217 May  6 15:19 base
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May  6 15:19 inc1
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May  6 15:19 inc2

1）預準備完成備份，此選項--apply-log-only 阻止回滾未完成的事務

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base

2）合並第1次增量備份到完全備份

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1

3）合並第2次增量備份到完全備份

如果是最後一次增量備份，還原時不需要加選項--apply-log-only

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare  --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc2

4）復制到數據庫目錄

註意數據庫目錄必須為空，MySQL服務不能啟動

[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/base

5）還原屬性

[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

6）啟動服務

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb

7）測試是否還原

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name          | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
|   1 | Song Jiang    |  45 | M      |
|   2 | Zhang Sanfeng |  94 | M      |
|   3 | Miejue Shitai |  77 | F      |
|   4 | Lin Chaoying  |  93 | F      |
|   5 | xiaoai        |  33 | F      |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

xtrabackup 實現mysql增量備份和還原