1. 程式人生 > >應用MySQL讀寫分離以提高MySQL服務器的讀寫性能

應用MySQL讀寫分離以提高MySQL服務器的讀寫性能

基於用戶 gin ini repos host back admin all ransac

  讀寫分離是借助MySQL中間件 ProxySQL 實現的
  ProxySQL 有兩個版本:官方版和percona版,percona版是基於官方版基礎上修改C++語言開發,輕量級但性能優異(支持處理千億級數據)具有中間件所需的絕大多數功能,包括:

  1. 多種方式的讀/寫分離
  2. 定制基於用戶、基於schema、基於語句的規則對SQL語句進行路由
  3. 緩存查詢結果
  4. 後端節點監控

準備

  實現讀寫分離前,先實現主從復制

  註意:slave節點需要設置read_only=1
主機 IP地址 類型
CentOS7.6 192.168.36.101 Master
CentOS7.6 192.168.36.103 Slave
CentOS7.6 192.168.36.104 ProxySQL
註:實驗之前為保障實驗順利進行,請關閉主機的selinux以及防火墻服務

開始搭建

Master節點修改數據庫配置文件

[[email protected] ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1     # 為Master節點設置一個全局唯一的ID號
binlog_format=row       # 基於行復制的數據庫語句
log-bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin     # 啟用二進制日誌

重新啟動數據庫服務

[[email protected] ~]#service mysqld restart
Restarting mysqld (via systemctl):                         [  OK  ]

Master節點上創建帶有復制權限的用戶賬號

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘192.168.36.%‘ identified by ‘centos‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看Master的日誌位置信息

MariaDB [mysql]> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |    912372 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave節點修改配置文件

[[email protected] ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=2         # Slave節點設置全局唯一的ID號
read_only           # 只讀

重新啟動數據庫服務

[[email protected] ~]#systemctl restart mariadb

使用Master創建的復制權限的用戶賬號進行同步

MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.36.101‘,
    ->  MASTER_USER=‘repluser‘,
    ->  MASTER_PASSWORD=‘centos‘,
    ->  MASTER_PORT=3306,
    ->  MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,
    ->  MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

啟動Slave線程

MariaDB [(none)]> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看線程是否啟動

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.36.101
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 7389
               Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 7673
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes      # 從節點的IO線程
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes      # 從節點的SQL線程
....
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0        # Master與SLave服務器差別延遲
.....
             Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

檢查數據同步情況

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置ProxySQL的YUM倉庫

[[email protected] ~]#cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
> [proxysql_repo]
> name= ProxySQL YUM repository
> baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/\$releasever
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
> EOF
[proxysql_repo]
name= ProxySQL YUM repository
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/$releasever
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key

安裝ProxySQL

[[email protected] ~]#yum install -y proxysql mariadb

啟動ProxySQL

[[email protected] ~]#rpm -ql proxysql
/etc/init.d/proxysql
...

由於proxysql啟動腳本在init.d文件中,所以需要使用service啟動
[[email protected] ~]#service proxysql start
Starting ProxySQL: 2019-05-08 17:58:16 [INFO] Using config file /etc/proxysql.cnf
DONE!

端口查看

[[email protected] ~]#netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:mysql           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6032            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6033            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
# 6033端口是接收遠程用戶的連接、6032端口是連接,管理接口

連接proxysql管理接口

[[email protected] ~]#mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>
ProxySQL相當於小型的MySQL,自帶:用戶名admin、密碼admin

添加主從節點的地址

# 添加Master節點
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,‘192.168.36.101‘,3306);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 添加Slave節點
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,‘192.168.36.103‘,3306);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 查看添加信息
MySQL [(none)]> select *from mysql_servers;
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname       | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| 10           | 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0                   | 0       | 0  |         |
| 10           | 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0                   | 0       | 0  |         |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在Master上創建ProxySQL管理的賬號

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to [email protected]‘192.168.36.%‘ identified by ‘magedu‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

ProxySQL配置監控的用戶名和密碼設置,使其自動連接主從節點進行調整

MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username=‘monitor‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password=‘magedu‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

使配置加載到內存中生效,並保存到磁盤中

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;
Query OK, 97 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看監控連接是否正常

MySQL [(none)]> select *from mysql_server_connect_log;
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| hostname       | port | time_start_us    | connect_success_time_us | connect_error                                                           |
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312316296707 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312557263893 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312616308042 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | 1557312617121004 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | 1557312676308396 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312676936371 | 0                       | Access denied for user ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.36.104‘ (using password: YES) |
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312694163848 | 2228                    | NULL                                                                    |
| 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | 1557312695077512 | 4613                    | NULL                                                                    |
| 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | 1557312754164398 | 1370                    | NULL                                                                    |
| 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | 1557312874168899 | 2204                    | NULL                                                                    |
| 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | 1557312874890981 | 2939                    | NULL                                                                    |
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)

設置分組信息

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups values(10,20,"test");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看讀寫組信息

MySQL [(none)]> select *from mysql_replication_hostgroups;
+------------------+------------------+---------+
| writer_hostgroup | reader_hostgroup | comment |
+------------------+------------------+---------+
| 10               | 20               | test    |
+------------------+------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置生效並保存到磁盤

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看信息

MySQL [(none)]> select *from mysql_servers;
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname       | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| 10           | 192.168.36.101 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0                   | 0       | 0  |         |
| 20           | 192.168.36.103 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0                   | 0       | 0  |         |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在master上進行創建設置賬戶,讓客戶端連接中間的調度器

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘192.168.36.%‘ identified by ‘magedu‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

ProxySQL添加記錄,將用戶添加到mysql_users表中

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values(‘sqluser‘,‘magedu‘,10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看是否添加成功

MySQL [(none)]> select *from mysql_users;
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+
| username | password | active | use_ssl | default_hostgroup | default_schema | schema_locked | transaction_persistent | fast_forward | backend | frontend | max_connections|
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+
| sqluser  | magedu   | 1      | 0       | 10                | NULL           | 0             | 1                      | 0            | 1       | 1        | 10000|
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

保存配置

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

啟用一個客戶端連接ProxySQL進行測試

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usqluser -pmagedu -h192.168.36.104 -P6033
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

查看連接到哪個主機

mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           1 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ProxySQL上定義調度規則

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules
    -> (rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values
    -> (1,1,‘^select.*from update$‘,10,1),(2,1,‘^select‘,20,1);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

生效並存盤

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

客戶端進行讀寫分離測試

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usqluser -pmagedu -h192.168.36.104 -P6033 -e ‘select @@server_id;‘
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           2 |
+-------------+

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usqluser -pmagedu -h192.168.36.104 -P6033 -e ‘begin;use db1;insert t1 values(1);select @@server_id;‘
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           1 |
+-------------+
完工

應用MySQL讀寫分離以提高MySQL服務器的讀寫性能