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Django 之 ORM 查詢使有

settings 所有 不存在 nvi http django 加載 __name__ models

一、在Django項目上運行python文件查詢數據庫
import os

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    #加載Django項目的配置信息
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE","testinclude.settings")
    #導入Django,並啟動Django項目
    import django
    django.setup()

    from ormtest import models

    #查詢所有作者
    all_author = models.Author.objects.all()
    print(all_author)

    #get查詢某個人,當值不存在時會報錯
    person = models.Author.objects.get(id=7)
    print(person)

    print("filter".center(60,"*"))
    #filter返回數據為一個列表,當值不存在時,不會報錯,返回一個空的列表
    person = models.Author.objects.filter(id=7)
    print(person)
    print(person[0])

    #exclude 返回id不等於1的所有值,排隊法
    print("exclude".center(60,"*"))
    person = models.Author.objects.exclude(id=1)
    print(person)

    print("values返回值".center(60,"*"))
    person = models.Author.objects.values()
    print(person)

    print("orderby按照指定的字段排序")
    person = models.Author.objects.all().order_by("id")
    print(person)

    print("count統計匹配的數量".center(60,"*"))
    count = models.Author.objects.all().count()
    print(count)

    print("first返回第一行數據".center(60,"*"))
    person = models.Author.objects.all().first()
    print(person)

    print("last返回最後一行數據".center(60, "*"))
    person = models.Author.objects.all().last()
    print(person)

程序執行結果:

<QuerySet [<Author: author_name:小白>, <Author: author_name:小周>, <Author: author_name:小紅>, <Author: author_name:小綠>, <Author: author_name:小光>]>
author_name:小光
***************************filter***************************
<QuerySet [<Author: author_name:小光>]>
author_name:小光
**************************exclude***************************
<QuerySet [<Author: author_name:小白>, <Author: author_name:小周>, <Author: author_name:小紅>, <Author: author_name:小綠>, <Author: author_name:小光>]>
*************************values返回值**************************
<QuerySet [{‘id‘: 3, ‘name‘: ‘小白‘}, {‘id‘: 4, ‘name‘: ‘小周‘}, {‘id‘: 5, ‘name‘: ‘小紅‘}, {‘id‘: 6, ‘name‘: ‘小綠‘}, {‘id‘: 7, ‘name‘: ‘小光‘}]>
orderby按照指定的字段排序
<QuerySet [<Author: author_name:小白>, <Author: author_name:小周>, <Author: author_name:小紅>, <Author: author_name:小綠>, <Author: author_name:小光>]>
************************count統計匹配的數量************************
5
************************first返回第一行數據************************
author_name:小白
************************last返回最後一行數據************************
author_name:小光

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Django 之 ORM 查詢使有