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Linux系統下安裝配置 OpenLDAP + phpLDAPadmin

實驗環境:

作業系統:Centos 7.4

伺服器ip:192.168.3.41

執行使用者:root

網路環境:Internet

 

LDAP(輕量級目錄訪問協議)是一個能實現提供被稱為目錄服務的資訊服務,也是一套使用者認證體系系統;一般在大型企業、學校、政府單位使用的比較多,LDAP是由4部分組成,這4部分分別是slapd(獨立LDAP守護程序)、slurpd(獨立的LDAP更新複製守護程序)、LDAP協議庫、工具軟體和示例客戶端(phpLDAPadmin),目錄服務是一種特殊的資料庫系統,用來儲存使用者資訊的資料庫,讀寫速度非常快,擴充套件性非常強,可以實現與地方系統直接對接整合起來統一管理使用者資訊。


LDAP說起來也不簡單,但是ALDP在Linux應用範圍是比較廣泛的,如果想要深入的瞭解LDAP,建議去看下劉遄老師《Linux就該這麼學》這本教程,裡面解釋的非常詳細,也可以在百度輸入此書名去官網看,想要在Linux部署還是推薦這本書去系統的學習,對初學者還是很有版本的,這篇文章搭建ldap+phpldapadmin也是在Linux環境下執行的,所以還是需要Linux基礎才能看懂下面的配置步驟。

 

1、安裝OpenLDAP

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install openldap-servers openldap-clients -y

 

 

[root@centos7 ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[root@centos7 ~]# ll /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 845 Aug  1 10:04 /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[root@centos7 ~]# chown ldap. /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG //授權配置檔案

[root@centos7 ~]# more /etc/passwd|grep ldap

ldap:x:55:55:OpenLDAP server:/var/lib/ldap:/sbin/nologin

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start slapd.service //啟動slapd服務

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable slapd.service //設定開機自動啟動slapd服務

 

2、設定OpenLDAP管理員密碼

[root@centos7 ~]# slappasswd

New password:   //password

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEoMIxJ59QofCLV

 

為“olcRootPW”指定上面生成的密碼

[root@centos7 ~]# vim chrootpw.ldif

dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEokgQeMIxJ59QofCLV

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chrootpw.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config"

 

3、匯入基本模式

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=cosine,cn=schema,cn=config"

 

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=nis,cn=schema,cn=config"

 

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=inetorgperson,cn=schema,cn=config"

4、在LDAP DB上設定域名,生成目錄管理器密碼

[root@centos7 ~]# slappasswd

New password:

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

 

注意:下面配置檔案這裡得注意每一個屬性: 後必須有空格,但是值的後面不能有任何空格

 

[root@centos7 ~]# vim chdomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section

# specify the password generated above for "olcRootPW" section

dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"

  read by dn.base="cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world" read by * none

 

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcSuffix

olcSuffix: dc=srv,dc=world

 

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcRootDN

olcRootDN: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

 

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

 

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange by

  dn="cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none

olcAccess: {1}to dn.base="" by * read

olcAccess: {2}to * by dn="cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world" write by * read

 

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chdomain.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

 

[root@centos7 ~]# vim basedomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section

dn: dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: top

objectClass: dcObject

objectclass: organization

o: Server World

dc: Srv

 

dn: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

 

dn: ou=People,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: People

 

dn: ou=Group,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: Group

 

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world" -W -f basedomain.ldif

Enter LDAP Password:    //輸入上面設定的目錄管理器密碼 password

adding new entry "dc=srv,dc=world"

adding new entry "cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world"

adding new entry "ou=People,dc=srv,dc=world"

adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=srv,dc=world"

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world"

# extended LDIF

#

# LDAPv3

# base <cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world> with scope subtree

# filter: (objectclass=*)

# requesting: ALL

#

 

# Manager, srv.world

dn: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

 

# search result

search: 2

result: 0 Success

 

# numResponses: 2

# numEntries: 1

 

5、設定Firewalld,如果未啟用防火牆關閉,忽略

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ldap --permanent

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

 

6、安裝並配置Apache

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install httpd-devel.x86_64 httpd.x86_64 -y

[root@centos7 ~]# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.bak

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

 

# line 86: change to admin's email address

ServerAdmin [email protected]

# line 95: change to your server's name

ServerName www.srv.world:80

# line 151: change

AllowOverride All

# line 164: add file name that it can access only with directory's name

DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.php

# add follows to the end  //在尾部新增

# server's response header

ServerTokens Prod

# keepalive is ON

KeepAlive On

 

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent //防火牆排除httpd服務,如果沒有啟用防火牆,此步驟可以忽略。

success

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload //重新載入firewall

success

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html //測試apache服務

<html>

<body>

<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">

Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

測試:http://192.168.3.41/index.html

7、安裝PHP

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/php.ini

#修改時區  878行

 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php

<html>

<body>

<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">

<?php

   print Date("Y/m/d");

?>

</div>

</body>

</html>

 

php列印日期

 

測試:http://192.168.3.41/index.php

可以不安裝phpLDAPadmin工具,直接下載Windows系統下的LdapAdmin應用程式

 

8、安裝phpLDAPadmin

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install phpldapadmin.noarch -y

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php

397  $servers->setValue('login','attr','dn');  #取消397行註釋

398 //$servers->setValue('login','attr','uid');  #註釋398

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

#  Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

 

<Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs>

  <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

    # Apache 2.4

     #只允許本地請求訪問

     # Require local

     #允許所有的請求訪問

      Require all granted

      #允許IP段訪問

      #Require ip 10.0.0.0/24           

  </IfModule>

  <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

    # Apache 2.2

    Order Deny,Allow

    Deny from all

    Allow from 127.0.0.1

    Allow from ::1

  </IfModule>

</Directory>

 

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd.service

測試:http://192.168.3.41/ldapadmin/

如果是按照上面配置執行的操作,登入一直提示失敗,需要執行

[root@centos7 ~]# setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_ldap on

 

cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

 

9、基本操作和使用

9.1、新增組

9.2、新增使用者

9.3、phpldapadmin的網站的apache配置檔案

# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

#  Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

 

#注意:/usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs  是phpldapadmin根目錄

 

<Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs>

  <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

    # Apache 2.4

     #只允許本地請求訪問

     # Require local

     #允許所有的請求訪問

     Require all granted

      #允許IP段訪問

      #Require ip 192.168.3.0/24         

  </IfModule>

  <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

    # Apache 2.2

    Order Deny,Allow

    Deny from all

    Allow from 127.0.0.1

    Allow from ::1

  </IfModule>

</Directory>

這裡可以直接訪問phpldapadmin後臺,最好是通過apache做密碼驗證才能登入,這樣比較安全。

參考文獻:httpd配置認證才能訪問網站(原創實踐操作).note

 

10、禁止匿名使用者登入

# vim /root/ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

angetype: modify

add: olcDisallows

olcDisallows: bind_anon

 

dn: cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

 

dn: olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

 

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config"

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl