22.yum更換國內源 下載rpm包 原始碼包安裝
7.6 yum更換國內源
7.7 yum下載rpm包
7.8/7.9 原始碼包安裝
7.6 yum更換國內源:
有時候我們安裝的包不太好使,因為他裡面自帶的網址是國外的,效率就會很慢,所以我們要更改國內的源。
像國內的163源
首先我們把上一張搭建本地倉庫刪除的在cp回來,之前建立的dvd倉庫也不要了
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -f dvd.repo
cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .
首先刪除原來的相關的centos base檔案
rm -f CentOS-Base.repo
我們用
wget
或者
curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
例項:
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-bash: wget: 未找到命令
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 7120 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 7145
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@afeilinux-01 yum.repos.d.bak]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base] 這是他的倉庫名字
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
url地址 變數 平臺
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
--
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7.7 yum下載rpm包:
因為我們剛才安裝了163的基礎源不夠用,我們需要安裝一個擴充套件源:
~1.yum install -y epel-release
~2.yum list |grep epel
例項:
~1.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release 直接裝上就可以
--
-
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls 直接裝上就可以,發現多了兩個
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo(核心)
~2.我們可以更直觀的catepel
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel
--
-
------------------------------------
怎麼用yum下載rpm包:
~1.yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly(downloadonly僅僅下載不安裝)
~2.ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages (downloadonly之後的包杯放在了這裡)
倉庫名
~3.yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路徑 (指定路徑)
~4.yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路徑 (reinstall已安裝過的重新下載)
例項:
~1.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall zsh --downloadonly (重點:因為我已經安裝過zsh了,所以用reinstall來重新安裝)
已載入外掛:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟體包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 將被 已重新安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成
依賴關係解決
=====================================================================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
=====================================================================================================================================
重新安裝:
zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base 2.4 M
對應下面路徑的base
事務概要
=====================================================================================================================================
--
-
~2.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages (downloadonly之後的包被安裝在了這裡)
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
~3.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir /tmp
--
-
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp 看一下,確實被裝在了/tmp下
systemd-private-93f503a169d542d8b72b56f4ae9f8549-chronyd.service-0VCJPG yum_save_tx.2018-06-30.13-05.NnvB8b.yumtx
systemd-private-93f503a169d542d8b72b56f4ae9f8549-vgauthd.service-SmpDhe yum_save_tx.2018-06-30.13-10.b3xTNS.yumtx
systemd-private-93f503a169d542d8b72b56f4ae9f8549-vmtoolsd.service-4i3fBM zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum_save_tx.2018-06-30.12-35.her344.yumtx
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7.8/7.9 原始碼包安裝:
~1.cd /usr/local/src/ (約定,原始碼包要放在這個路徑裡來)
~2.wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz (如果404在r.aminglinux.com下載新版)
~3.tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
~4.cd httpd-2.2.32
~5../configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
echo $?(非0即是上一條命令有誤,檢查上一條任務是否有誤)
~6.make
~7.make install
~8.解除安裝就是刪除安裝的檔案
例項:
1.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
2.
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz (404)
--2018-06-30 13:28:46-- http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
正在解析主機 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
正在連線 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.8.193|:80... 已連線。
已發出 HTTP 請求,正在等待迴應... 404 Not Found
2018-06-30 13:28:47 錯誤 404:Not Found。
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz (連結改為新版)
3.
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.33]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
--
-
[root@localhost src]# ls
httpd-2.4.33 httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.33
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.33]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE build config.layout httpd.dsp LAYOUT Makefile.win README.cmake test
acinclude.m4 BuildAll.dsp configure httpd.mak libhttpd.dep modules README(常用,說明文件).platforms VERSIONING
Apache-apr2.dsw BuildBin.dsp configure.in httpd.spec libhttpd.dsp NOTICE ROADMAP
Apache.dsw buildconf docs include libhttpd.mak NWGNUmakefile server
apache_probes.d CHANGES emacs-style INSTALL(常用,安裝文件,怎麼安裝) LICENSE os srclib
ap.d CMakeLists.txt httpd.dep InstallBin.dsp Makefile.in README support
5.
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.33]# more INSTALL
APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
Quick Start - Unix
------------------
For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html
$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX (這三步是官方指定原始碼包的安裝方法)
$ make
$ make install
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
--
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[root@localhost httpd-2.4.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
--
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發現報錯
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.33]# echo $? (該命令檢視上一條命令有誤錯誤)
1 (非0即是有錯誤)
重點:
APR not fount(即為沒有找到APR)
解決方法,在r.aminglingux.com裡,找到APR的tar包連結。wget一下,再tar -zxvf這個tar包。
需要注意的是,解壓完要cd進這個APR這個檔案,才行
最後再重新./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
6.7.
[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# make
[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# echo $? 需注意執行echo $?檢查是否非0
[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# make install
[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# echo $? 需注意執行echo $?檢查是否非0
[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# ls /usr/local/apache2 因為會建立很多目錄,所以建立了apache2這個目錄
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