1. 程式人生 > >6.Sentinel原始碼分析—Sentinel是如何動態載入配置限流的?

6.Sentinel原始碼分析—Sentinel是如何動態載入配置限流的?

Sentinel原始碼解析系列:
1.Sentinel原始碼分析—FlowRuleManager載入規則做了什麼?

2. Sentinel原始碼分析—Sentinel是如何進行流量統計的?

3. Sentinel原始碼分析— QPS流量控制是如何實現的?

4.Sentinel原始碼分析— Sentinel是如何做到降級的?

5.Sentinel原始碼分析—Sentinel如何實現自適應限流?


有時候我們做限流的時候並不想直接寫死在程式碼裡面,然後每次要改規則,或者增加規則的時候只能去重啟應用來解決。而是希望能夠動態的更改配置,這樣萬一出現緊急情況還能動態的進行配置修改。例如2018年的雙十一,淘寶的其他服務沒有一點問題,萬萬沒想到在前幾分鐘購物車服務掛了,這個時候就可以緊急限流,對應用進行拯救。

其實看完前面的內容,對動態配置應該是水到渠成的事情,因為所有的配置修改都是通過限流管理器如FlowRuleManager的內部監聽器來實現的,所以只要動態的給監聽器訊號,那麼就可以做到動態的修改配置。

接下來我們來看看Sentinel是怎麼做的。一般的情況下,動態配置常見的實現方式有兩種:

  • 拉模式:客戶端主動向某個規則管理中心定期輪詢拉取規則,這個規則中心可以是 RDBMS、檔案,甚至是 VCS 等。這樣做的方式是簡單,缺點是無法及時獲取變更;
  • 推模式:規則中心統一推送,客戶端通過註冊監聽器的方式時刻監聽變化,比如使用 Nacos、Zookeeper 等配置中心。這種方式有更好的實時性和一致性保證。

而Sentinel目前兩種都支援:

  • Pull-based: 檔案、Consul (since 1.7.0)
  • Push-based: ZooKeeper, Redis, Nacos, Apollo

由於支援的方式太多,我這裡只講解兩種,檔案和ZooKeeper,分別對應推拉兩種模式。

Pull-based: 檔案

首先上個例子:
FlowRule.json

[
  {
    "resource": "abc",
    "controlBehavior": 0,
    "count": 20.0,
    "grade": 1,
    "limitApp": "default",
    "strategy": 0
  },
  {
    "resource": "abc1",
    "controlBehavior": 0,
    "count": 20.0,
    "grade": 1,
    "limitApp": "default",
    "strategy": 0
  }
]

SimpleFileDataSourceDemo:

public class SimpleFileDataSourceDemo {

    private static final String KEY = "abc";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SimpleFileDataSourceDemo simpleFileDataSourceDemo = new SimpleFileDataSourceDemo();
        simpleFileDataSourceDemo.init();
        Entry entry = null;
        try {
            entry = SphU.entry(KEY);
            // dosomething
        } catch (BlockException e1) {
            // dosomething
        } catch (Exception e2) {
            // biz exception
        } finally {
            if (entry != null) {
                entry.exit();
            }
        }
    }
    private void init() throws Exception {
       String flowRulePath = "/Users/luozhiyun/Downloads/test/FlowRule.json";
        // Data source for FlowRule
        FileRefreshableDataSource<List<FlowRule>> flowRuleDataSource = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
                flowRulePath, flowRuleListParser);
        FlowRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleDataSource.getProperty());
    }
    private Converter<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(source,
            new TypeReference<List<FlowRule>>() {});
}

這個例子主要就是寫死一個資原始檔,然後讀取資原始檔裡面的內容,再通過自定義的資源解析器來解析檔案的內容後設置規則。

這裡我們主要需要分析FileRefreshableDataSource是怎麼載入檔案然後通過FlowRuleManager註冊的。

FileRefreshableDataSource繼承關係:

FileRefreshableDataSource

private static final int MAX_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 4;
private static final long DEFAULT_REFRESH_MS = 3000;
private static final int DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE = 1024 * 1024;
private static final Charset DEFAULT_CHAR_SET = Charset.forName("utf-8");

public FileRefreshableDataSource(String fileName, Converter<String, T> configParser) throws FileNotFoundException {
    this(new File(fileName), configParser, DEFAULT_REFRESH_MS, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, DEFAULT_CHAR_SET);
}

public FileRefreshableDataSource(File file, Converter<String, T> configParser, long recommendRefreshMs, int bufSize,
                                 Charset charset) throws FileNotFoundException {
    super(configParser, recommendRefreshMs);
    if (bufSize <= 0 || bufSize > MAX_SIZE) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bufSize must between (0, " + MAX_SIZE + "], but " + bufSize + " get");
    }
    if (file == null || file.isDirectory()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("File can't be null or a directory");
    }
    if (charset == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("charset can't be null");
    }
    this.buf = new byte[bufSize];
    this.file = file;
    this.charset = charset;
    // If the file does not exist, the last modified will be 0.
    this.lastModified = file.lastModified();
    firstLoad();
}

FileRefreshableDataSource的構造器裡面會設定各種引數,如:緩衝區大小、字元編碼、檔案上次的修改時間、檔案定時重新整理時間等。
這個方法會呼叫父類的構造器進行初始化,我們再看一下AutoRefreshDataSource做了什麼。

AutoRefreshDataSource

public AutoRefreshDataSource(Converter<S, T> configParser, final long recommendRefreshMs) {
    super(configParser);
    if (recommendRefreshMs <= 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("recommendRefreshMs must > 0, but " + recommendRefreshMs + " get");
    }
    this.recommendRefreshMs = recommendRefreshMs;
    startTimerService();
}

AutoRefreshDataSource的構造器一開始會呼叫父類的構造器進行初始化,如下:
AbstractDataSource

public AbstractDataSource(Converter<S, T> parser) {
    if (parser == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("parser can't be null");
    }
    this.parser = parser;
    this.property = new DynamicSentinelProperty<T>();
}

AbstractDataSource的構造器是為了給兩個變數設值parser和property,其中property是DynamicSentinelProperty的例項。

我們再回到AutoRefreshDataSource中,AutoRefreshDataSource設值完recommendRefreshMs引數後會呼叫startTimerService方法來開啟一個定時的排程任務。
AutoRefreshDataSource#startTimerService

private void startTimerService() {
    service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1,
        new NamedThreadFactory("sentinel-datasource-auto-refresh-task", true));
    service.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                if (!isModified()) {
                    return;
                }
                T newValue = loadConfig();
                getProperty().updateValue(newValue);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                RecordLog.info("loadConfig exception", e);
            }
        }
    }, recommendRefreshMs, recommendRefreshMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}

public SentinelProperty<T> getProperty() {
    return property;
}

這個方法裡面會開啟一個執行緒,每3000ms呼叫一次run方法。run方法裡會首先會校驗一下檔案有沒有被修改過,如果有的話就呼叫loadConfig來載入配置,然後呼叫getProperty方法獲取父類設定的property來更新配置。
下來我們依次來講解一下這幾個主要的方法:

isModified方法是一個鉤子,呼叫的是FileRefreshableDataSource的isModified方法:
FileRefreshableDataSource#isModified

protected boolean isModified() {
    long curLastModified = file.lastModified();
    if (curLastModified != this.lastModified) {
        this.lastModified = curLastModified;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

isModified每次都會檢視file有沒有被修改,並記錄一下修改的時間。

接著往下是呼叫loadConfig載入檔案:
AbstractDataSource#loadConfig

public T loadConfig() throws Exception {
    return loadConfig(readSource());
}

public T loadConfig(S conf) throws Exception {
    T value = parser.convert(conf);
    return value;
}

FileRefreshableDataSource#readSource

public String readSource() throws Exception {
    if (!file.exists()) {
        // Will throw FileNotFoundException later.
        RecordLog.warn(String.format("[FileRefreshableDataSource] File does not exist: %s", file.getAbsolutePath()));
    }
    FileInputStream inputStream = null;
    try {
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        FileChannel channel = inputStream.getChannel();
        if (channel.size() > buf.length) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(file.getAbsolutePath() + " file size=" + channel.size()
                + ", is bigger than bufSize=" + buf.length + ". Can't read");
        }
        int len = inputStream.read(buf);
        return new String(buf, 0, len, charset);
    } finally {
        if (inputStream != null) {
            try {
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (Exception ignore) {
            }
        }
    }
}

loadConfig方法的實現還是很清晰的,首先是呼叫readSource通過io流讀取檔案,然後再通過傳入的解析器解析檔案的內容。

接著會呼叫DynamicSentinelProperty的updateValue方法,遍歷監聽器更新配置:
DynamicSentinelProperty#updateValue

public boolean updateValue(T newValue) {
    //判斷新的元素和舊元素是否相同
    if (isEqual(value, newValue)) {
        return false;
    }
    RecordLog.info("[DynamicSentinelProperty] Config will be updated to: " + newValue);

    value = newValue;
    for (PropertyListener<T> listener : listeners) {
        listener.configUpdate(newValue);
    }
    return true;
}

當然,還沒載入FlowRuleManager的時候肯定是沒有監聽器的。

講完了FileRefreshableDataSource的父類的載入,我們再回到FileRefreshableDataSource的構造器中。繼續往下走會呼叫firstLoad方法首次載入配置檔案初始化一次。
FileRefreshableDataSource#firstLoad

private void firstLoad() {
    try {
        T newValue = loadConfig();
        getProperty().updateValue(newValue);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        RecordLog.info("loadConfig exception", e);
    }
}

下面我們再看一下FlowRuleManager是怎麼註冊的。註冊的時候會呼叫register2Property方法進行註冊:

FlowRuleManager#register2Property

public static void register2Property(SentinelProperty<List<FlowRule>> property) {
    AssertUtil.notNull(property, "property cannot be null");
    synchronized (LISTENER) {
        RecordLog.info("[FlowRuleManager] Registering new property to flow rule manager");
        currentProperty.removeListener(LISTENER);
        property.addListener(LISTENER);
        currentProperty = property;
    }
}

這個方法實際上就是添加了一個監聽器,然後將FlowRuleManager的currentProperty替換成flowRuleDataSource建立的property。然後flowRuleDataSource裡面的定時執行緒會每隔3秒鐘呼叫一下這個LISTENER的configUpdate方法進行重新整理規則,這樣就實現了動態更新規則。

Push-based:ZooKeeper

我們還是先給出一個例子:

public static void main(String[] args) { 
    final String remoteAddress = "127.0.0.1:2181";
    final String path = "/Sentinel-Demo/SYSTEM-CODE-DEMO-FLOW";
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleDataSource = new ZookeeperDataSource<>(remoteAddress, path,
            source -> JSON.parseObject(source, new TypeReference<List<FlowRule>>() {}));
    FlowRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleDataSource.getProperty()); 
}

在這裡我定義了/Sentinel-Demo/SYSTEM-CODE-DEMO-FLOW這個path,如果這個path內的內容發生了變化,那麼就會重新整理規則。

我們先看一下ZookeeperDataSource的繼承關係:

ZookeeperDataSource

public ZookeeperDataSource(final String serverAddr, final String path, Converter<String, T> parser) {
    super(parser);
    if (StringUtil.isBlank(serverAddr) || StringUtil.isBlank(path)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Bad argument: serverAddr=[%s], path=[%s]", serverAddr, path));
    }
    this.path = path;

    init(serverAddr, null);
}

AbstractDataSource

public AbstractDataSource(Converter<S, T> parser) {
    if (parser == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("parser can't be null");
    }
    this.parser = parser;
    this.property = new DynamicSentinelProperty<T>();
}

ZookeeperDataSource首先會呼叫父類進行引數的設定,在校驗完之後呼叫init方法進行初始化。

ZookeeperDataSource#init

private void init(final String serverAddr, final List<AuthInfo> authInfos) {
    initZookeeperListener(serverAddr, authInfos);
    loadInitialConfig();
}

ZookeeperDataSource#initZookeeperListener

    private void initZookeeperListener(final String serverAddr, final List<AuthInfo> authInfos) {
        try {
            //設定監聽
            this.listener = new NodeCacheListener() {
                @Override
                public void nodeChanged() {

                    try {
                        T newValue = loadConfig();
                        RecordLog.info(String.format("[ZookeeperDataSource] New property value received for (%s, %s): %s",
                                serverAddr, path, newValue));
                        // Update the new value to the property.
                        getProperty().updateValue(newValue);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        RecordLog.warn("[ZookeeperDataSource] loadConfig exception", ex);
                    }
                }
            };

            String zkKey = getZkKey(serverAddr, authInfos);
            if (zkClientMap.containsKey(zkKey)) {
                this.zkClient = zkClientMap.get(zkKey);
            } else {
                //如果key不存在,那麼就加鎖設值
                synchronized (lock) {
                    if (!zkClientMap.containsKey(zkKey)) {
                        CuratorFramework zc = null;
                        //根據不同的條件獲取client
                        if (authInfos == null || authInfos.size() == 0) {
                            zc = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(serverAddr, new ExponentialBackoffRetry(SLEEP_TIME, RETRY_TIMES));
                        } else {
                            zc = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder().
                                    connectString(serverAddr).
                                    retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(SLEEP_TIME, RETRY_TIMES)).
                                    authorization(authInfos).
                                    build();
                        }
                        this.zkClient = zc;
                        this.zkClient.start();
                        Map<String, CuratorFramework> newZkClientMap = new HashMap<>(zkClientMap.size());
                        newZkClientMap.putAll(zkClientMap);
                        newZkClientMap.put(zkKey, zc);
                        zkClientMap = newZkClientMap;
                    } else {
                        this.zkClient = zkClientMap.get(zkKey);
                    }
                }
            }
            //為節點新增watcher
            //監聽資料節點的變更,會觸發事件
            this.nodeCache = new NodeCache(this.zkClient, this.path);
            this.nodeCache.getListenable().addListener(this.listener, this.pool);
            this.nodeCache.start();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            RecordLog.warn("[ZookeeperDataSource] Error occurred when initializing Zookeeper data source", e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

這個方法主要就是用來建立client和設值監聽,都是zk的常規操作,不熟悉的,可以去看看Curator是怎麼使用的。

private void loadInitialConfig() {
    try {
        //呼叫父類的loadConfig方法
        T newValue = loadConfig();
        if (newValue == null) {
            RecordLog.warn("[ZookeeperDataSource] WARN: initial config is null, you may have to check your data source");
        }
        getProperty().updateValue(newValue);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        RecordLog.warn("[ZookeeperDataSource] Error when loading initial config", ex);
    }
}

設值完zk的client和監聽後會呼叫一次updateValue,首次載入節點的資訊。

AbstractDataSource

public T loadConfig() throws Exception {
    return loadConfig(readSource());
}

public T loadConfig(S conf) throws Exception {
    T value = parser.convert(conf);
    return value;
}

父類的loadConfig會呼叫子類的readSource讀取配置資訊,然後呼叫parser.convert進行反序列化。

ZookeeperDataSource#readSource

public String readSource() throws Exception {
    if (this.zkClient == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Zookeeper has not been initialized or error occurred");
    }
    String configInfo = null;
    ChildData childData = nodeCache.getCurrentData();
    if (null != childData && childData.getData() != null) {

        configInfo = new String(childData.getData());
    }
    return configInfo;
}

這個方法是用來讀取zk節點裡面的資訊。

最後FlowRuleManager.register2Property的方法就和上面的檔案動態配置的是一樣的了。

java學習筆記/SENTIN