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ThreadLocal原理分析與程式碼驗證

ThreadLocal提供了執行緒安全的資料儲存和訪問方式,利用不帶key的get和set方法,居然能做到執行緒之間隔離,非常神奇。

比如

ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();

in thread 1

//in thread1
treadLocal.set("value1");
.....
//value的值是value1
String value = threadLocal.get();

in thread 2

//in thread2
treadLocal.set("value2");
.....
//value的值是value2
String value = threadLocal.get();

不論thread1和thread2是不是同時執行,都不會有執行緒安全問題,我們來測試一下。

執行緒安全測試

開10個執行緒,每個執行緒內都對同一個ThreadLocal物件set不同的值,會發現ThreadLocal在每個執行緒內部get出來的值,只會是自己執行緒內set進去的值,不會被別的執行緒影響。

static void testUsage() throws InterruptedException {
    Utils.println("-------------testUsage-------------------");
    ThreadLocal<Long> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();

    AtomicBoolean threadSafe = new AtomicBoolean(true);
    int count = 10;
    CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(count);
    Random random = new Random(736832);
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++){
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                //生成一個隨機數
                Long value = System.nanoTime() + random.nextInt();
                threadLocal.set(value);
                Thread.sleep(1000);

                Long value2 = threadLocal.get();
                if (!value.equals(value2)) {
                    //get和set的value不一致,說明被別的執行緒修改了,但這是不可能出現的
                    threadSafe.set(false);
                    Utils.println("thread unsafe, this could not be happen!");
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            }finally {
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            }

        }).start();
    }

    countDownLatch.await();

    Utils.println("all thread done, and threadSafe is " + threadSafe.get());
    Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
}

輸出:

-------------testUsage------------------
all thread done, and threadSafe is true
-----------------------------------------

原理淺析

翻開ThreadLocal的原始碼,會發現ThreadLocal只是一個空殼子,它並不儲存具體的value,而是利用當前執行緒(Thread.currentThread())的threadLocalMap來儲存value,key就是這個threadLocal物件本身。

public void set(T value) {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null)
        map.set(this, value);
    else
        createMap(t, value);
}

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
    return t.threadLocals;
}

Thread的threadLocals欄位是ThreadLocalMap型別(你可以簡單理解為一個key value的Map),key是ThreadLocal物件,value是我們在外層設定的值

  • 當我們呼叫threadLocal.set(value)方法的時候,會找到當前執行緒的threadLocals這個map,然後以this作為key去set key value
  • 當我們呼叫threadLocal.get()方法的時候,會找到當前執行緒的threadLocals這個map,然後以this作為key去get value
  • 當我們呼叫threadLocal.remove()方法的時候,會找到當前執行緒的threadLocals這個map,然後以this作為key去remove

這就相當於:

Thread.currentThread().threadLocals.set(threadLocal1, "value1");
.....
//value的值是value1
String value = Thread.currentThread().threadLocals.get(threadLocal1);

因為每個Thread都是不同的物件,所以他們的threadLocals也是不同的map,threadLocal在不同的執行緒裡工作時,實際上是從不同的map裡get/set,這也就是執行緒安全的原因了,瞭解到這一點就差不多了。

再深入一些,ThreadLocalMap的結構

如果繼續翻ThreadLocalMap的原始碼,會發現它有個欄位table,是Entry型別的陣列。

我們不妨寫段程式碼,把ThreadLocalMap的結構輸出出來。

由於Thread.threadLocals和ThreadLocalMap類不是public的,我們只有通過反射來獲取它的值。反射的程式碼如下(如果嫌長可以不看,直接看輸出):

static Object getThreadLocalMap(Thread thread) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {        
    //get thread.threadLocals
    Field threadLocals = Thread.class.getDeclaredField("threadLocals");
    threadLocals.setAccessible(true);
    return threadLocals.get(thread);
}

static void printThreadLocalMap(Object threadLocalMap) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
    String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
    
    if(threadLocalMap == null){
        Utils.println("threadMap is null, threadName:" + threadName);
        return;
    }

    Utils.println(threadName);

    //get threadLocalMap.table
    Field tableField = threadLocalMap.getClass().getDeclaredField("table");
    tableField.setAccessible(true);
    Object[] table = (Object[])tableField.get(threadLocalMap);
    Utils.println("----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = " + table.length);

    for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i ++){
        WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> entry = (WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>>)table[i];
        printEntry(entry, i);
    }
}
static void printEntry(WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> entry, int i) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
    if(entry == null){
        Utils.println("--------table[" + i + "] -> null");
        return;
    }
    ThreadLocal key = entry.get();
    //get entry.value
    Field valueField = entry.getClass().getDeclaredField("value");
    valueField.setAccessible(true);
    Object value = valueField.get(entry);

    Utils.println("--------table[" + i + "] -> entry key = " + key + ", value = " + value);
}

測試程式碼:

static void testStructure() throws InterruptedException {
    Utils.println("-------------testStructure----------------");
    ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
    ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();

    Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
        threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
        threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");

        try {
            Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }, "thread1");

    thread1.start();

    //wait thread1 done
    thread1.join();

    Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
        threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
        try {
            Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }, "thread2");

    thread2.start();
    thread2.join();
    Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
}

我們在建立了兩個ThreadLocal的物件threadLocal1和threadLocal2,線上程1裡為這兩個物件設定值,線上程2裡只為threadLocal1設定值。然後分別打印出這兩個執行緒的threadLocalMap。

輸出結果為:

-------------testStructure----------------
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@33baa315, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
thread2
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> null
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
------------------------------------------

從結果上可以看出:

  • 執行緒1和執行緒2的threadLocalMap物件的table欄位,是個陣列,長度都是16
  • 由於執行緒1裡給兩個threadLocal物件設定了值,所以執行緒1的ThreadLocalMap裡有兩個entry,陣列下標分別是1和10,其餘的是null(如果你自己寫程式碼驗證,下標不一定是1和10,不需要糾結這個問題,只要前後對的上就行)
  • 由於執行緒2裡只給一個threadLocal物件設定了值,所以執行緒1的ThreadLocalMap裡只有一個entry,陣列下標是10,其餘的是null
  • threadLocal1這個物件在兩個執行緒裡都設定了值,所以當它作為key加入二者的threadLocalMap時,key是一樣的,都是java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c;下標也是一樣的,都是10。

為什麼是WeakReference

檢視Entry的原始碼,會發現Entry繼承自WeakReference:

static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
    /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
    Object value;

    Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
        super(k);
        value = v;
    }
}

建構函式裡把key傳給了super,也就是說,ThreadLocalMap中對key的引用,是WeakReference的。

Weak reference objects, which do not prevent their referents from being
made finalizable, finalized, and then reclaimed. Weak references are most
often used to implement canonicalizing mappings.

通俗點解釋:

當一個物件僅僅被weak reference(弱引用), 而沒有任何其他strong reference(強引用)的時候, 不論當前的記憶體空間是否足夠,當GC執行的時候, 這個物件就會被回收。

看不明白沒關係,還是寫程式碼測試一下什麼是WeakReference吧...

static void testWeakReference(){
    Object obj1 = new Object();
    Object obj2 = new Object();
    WeakReference<Object> obj1WeakRef = new WeakReference<>(obj1);
    WeakReference<Object> obj2WeakRf = new WeakReference<>(obj2);
    //obj32StrongRef是強引用
    Object obj2StrongRef = obj2;
    Utils.println("before gc: obj1WeakRef = " + obj1WeakRef.get() + ", obj2WeakRef = " + obj2WeakRf.get() + ", obj2StrongRef = " + obj2StrongRef);

    //把obj1和obj2設為null
    obj1 = null;
    obj2 = null;
    //強制gc
    forceGC();

    Utils.println("after gc: obj1WeakRef = " + obj1WeakRef.get() + ", obj2WeakRef = " + obj2WeakRf.get() + ", obj2StrongRef = " + obj2StrongRef);
}

結果輸出:

before gc: obj1WeakRef = java.lang.Object@4554617c, obj2WeakRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482, obj2StrongRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482
after gc: obj1WeakRef = null, obj2WeakRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482, obj2StrongRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482

從結果上可以看出:

  • 我們先new了兩個物件(為避免混淆,稱他們為Object1和Object2),分別用變數obj1和obj2指向它們,同時定義了一個obj2StrongRef,也指向Object2,最後把obj1和obj2均指向null
  • 由於Object1沒有變數強引用它了,所以在gc後,Object1被回收了,obj1WeakRef.get()返回了null
  • 由於Object2還有obj2StrongRef在引用它,所以gc後,Object2依然存在,沒有被回收。

那麼,ThreadLocalMap中對key的引用,為什麼是WeakReference的呢?

因為大部分情況下,執行緒不死

大部分情況下,執行緒不會頻繁的建立和銷燬,一般都會用執行緒池。所以執行緒物件一般不會被清除,執行緒的threadLocalMap就一直存在。
如果key對ThreadLocal是強引用,那麼key永遠不會被回收,即使我們程式裡再也不用它了。

但是key是弱引用的話,情況就會得到改善:只要沒有指向threadLocal的強引用了,這個ThreadLocal物件就會被清理。

我們還是寫程式碼測試一下吧。

/**
 * 測試ThreadLocal物件什麼時候被回收
 * @throws InterruptedException
 */
static void testGC() throws InterruptedException {
    Utils.println("-----------------testGC-------------------");
    Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
        ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
        ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();

        threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
        threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");

        try {
            Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
            Utils.println("print threadLocalMap before gc");
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

            //set threadLocal1 unreachable
            threadLocal1 = null;

            forceGC();

            Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);


        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }, "thread1");

    thread1.start();
    thread1.join();
    Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
}

我們在一個執行緒裡為兩個ThreadLocal物件賦值,最後把其中一個物件的強引用移除,gc後列印當前執行緒的threadLocalMap。
輸出結果如下:

-----------------testGC-------------------
print threadLocalMap before gc
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@7bf9cebf, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@56342d38, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
print threadLocalMap after gc
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@7bf9cebf, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
------------------------------------------

從輸出結果可以看到,當我們把threadLocal1的強引用移除並gc之後,table[10]的key變成了null,說明threadLocal1這個物件被回收了;threadLocal2的強引用還在,所以table[1]的key不是null,沒有被回收。

但是你發現沒有,table[10]的key雖然是null了,但value還活著! table[10]這個entry物件,也活著!

是的,因為只有key是WeakReference....

無用的entry什麼時候被回收?

通過檢視ThreadLocal的原始碼,發現在ThreadLocal物件的get/set/remove方法執行時,都有機會清除掉map中已經無用的entry。

最容易驗證清除無用entry的場景分別是:

  • remove:這個不用說了,這哥們本來就是做這個的
  • get:當一個新的threadLocal物件(沒有set過value)發生get呼叫時,也會作為新的entry加入map,在加入的過程中,有機會清除掉無用的entry,邏輯和下面的set相同。
  • set: 當一個新的threadLocal物件(沒有set過value)發生set呼叫時,會在map中加入新的entry,此時有機會清除掉無用的entry,清除的邏輯是:
    • 清除掉table陣列中的那些無用entry中的一部分,記住是一部分,這個一部分可能全部,也可能是0,具體演算法請看ThreadLocalMap.cleanSomeSlots,這裡不解釋了。
    • 如果上一步的"一部分"是0(即清除了0個),並且map的size(是真實size,不是table.length)大於等於threshold(table.length的2/3),會執行一次rehash,在rehash的過程中,清理掉所有無用的entry,並減小size,清理後的size如果還大於等於threshold - threshold/4,則把table擴容為原來的兩倍大小。

還有其他場景,但不好驗證,這裡就不提了。

ThreadLocal原始碼就不貼了,貼了也講不明白,相關邏輯在setInitialValue、cleanSomeSlots、expungeStaleEntries、rehash、resize等方法裡。

在我們寫程式碼驗證entry回收邏輯之前,還需要簡單的提一下ThreadLocalMap的hash演算法。

entry陣列的下標如何確定?

每個ThreadLocal物件,都有一個threadLocalHashCode變數,在加入ThreadLocalMap的時候,根據這個threadLocalHashCode的值,對entry陣列的長度取餘(hash & (len - 1)),餘數作為下標。

那麼threadLocalHashCode是怎麼計算的呢?看原始碼:

public class ThreadLocal<T>{
    private final int threadLocalHashCode = nextHashCode();
    private static AtomicInteger nextHashCode = new AtomicInteger();

    private static final int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;

    private static int nextHashCode() {
        return nextHashCode.getAndAdd(HASH_INCREMENT);
    }
    ...
}

ThreadLocal類維護了一個全域性靜態欄位nextHashCode,每new一個ThreadLocal物件,nextHashCode都會遞增0x61c88647,作為下一個ThreadLocal物件的threadLocalHashCode。

這個0x61c88647,是個神奇的數字,只要以它為遞增值,那麼和2的N次方取餘時,在有限的次數內不會發生重複。
比如和16取餘,那麼在16次遞增內,不會發生重複。還是寫程式碼驗證一下吧。

int hashCode = 0;
int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;
int length = 16;

for(int i = 0; i < length ; i ++){
    int h = hashCode & (length - 1);
    hashCode += HASH_INCREMENT;
    System.out.println("h = " + h + ", i = " + i);
}

輸出結果為:

h = 0, i = 0
h = 7, i = 1
h = 14, i = 2
h = 5, i = 3
h = 12, i = 4
h = 3, i = 5
h = 10, i = 6
h = 1, i = 7
h = 8, i = 8
h = 15, i = 9
h = 6, i = 10
h = 13, i = 11
h = 4, i = 12
h = 11, i = 13
h = 2, i = 14
h = 9, i = 15

你看,h的值在16次遞增內,沒有發生重複。 但是要記住,2的N次方作為長度才會有這個效果,這也解釋了為什麼ThreadLocalMap的entry陣列初始長度是16,每次都是2倍的擴容。

驗證新threadLocal的get和set時回收部分無效的entry

為了驗證出結果,我們需要先給ThreadLocal的nextHashCode重置一個初始值,這樣在測試的時候,每個threadLocal的陣列下標才會按照我們設計的思路走。

static void resetNextHashCode() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
    Field nextHashCodeField = ThreadLocal.class.getDeclaredField("nextHashCode");
    nextHashCodeField.setAccessible(true);
    nextHashCodeField.set(null, new AtomicInteger(1253254570));
}

然後在測試程式碼裡,我們先呼叫resetNextHashCode方法,然後加兩個ThreadLocal物件並set值,gc前把強引用去除,gc後再new兩個新的theadLocal物件,分別呼叫他們的get和set方法。
在每個關鍵點打印出threadLocalMap做比較。

static void testExpungeSomeEntriesWhenGetOrSet() throws InterruptedException {
    Utils.println("----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------");
    Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
        try {
            resetNextHashCode();

            //注意,這裡必須有兩個ThreadLocal,才能驗證出threadLocal1被清理
            ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
            ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();

            threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
            threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");


            Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
            //set threadLocal1 unreachable
            threadLocal1 = null;
            threadLocal2 = null;
            forceGC();

            Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

            ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
            newThreadLocal1.get();
            Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get");
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

            ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();
            newThreadLocal2.set("newThreadLocal2-value");
            Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal2.set");
            printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);


        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }, "thread1");

    thread1.start();
    thread1.join();
    Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
}

程式輸出結果為:

----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------
print threadLocalMap after gc
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2b63dc81, value = null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> null
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal2.set
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> null
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> null
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2b63dc81, value = null
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> null
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> null
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2e93c547, value = newThreadLocal2-value
------------------------------------------

從結果上來看,

  • gc後table[1]和table[10]的key變成了null
  • new newThreadLocal1.get後,新增了table[8],table[10]被清理了,但table[1]還在(這就是cleanSomeSlots中some的意思)
  • new newThreadLocal2.set後,新增了table[15],table[1]被清理了。

驗證map的size大於等於table.length的2/3時回收所有無效的entry

    static void testExpungeAllEntries() throws InterruptedException {
        Utils.println("----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------");
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                resetNextHashCode();

                int threshold = 16 * 2 / 3;
                ThreadLocal[] threadLocals = new ThreadLocal[threshold - 1];
                for(int i = 0; i < threshold - 1; i ++){
                    threadLocals[i] = new ThreadLocal<String>();
                    threadLocals[i].set("threadLocal" + i + "-value");
                }

                Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());

                threadLocals[1] = null;
                threadLocals[8] = null;
                //threadLocals[6] = null;
                //threadLocals[4] = null;
                //threadLocals[2] = null;
                forceGC();

                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

                ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
                newThreadLocal1.set("newThreadLocal1-value");
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);

            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }, "thread1");

        thread1.start();
        thread1.join();
        Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    }

我們先建立了9個threadLocal物件並設定了值,然後去掉了其中2個的強引用(注意這2個可不是隨意挑選的)。
gc後再新增一個新的threadLocal,最後打印出最新的map。輸出為:

----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------
print threadLocalMap after gc
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
--------table[2] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal8-value
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@60523912, value = threadLocal6-value
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@48fccd7a, value = threadLocal4-value
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@188bbe72, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[9] -> null
--------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@19e0ebe8, value = threadLocal0-value
--------table[11] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@688bcb6f, value = threadLocal7-value
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@46324c19, value = threadLocal5-value
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@38f1283, value = threadLocal3-value
print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get
thread1
----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 32
--------table[0] -> null
--------table[1] -> null
--------table[2] -> null
--------table[3] -> null
--------table[4] -> null
--------table[5] -> null
--------table[6] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@48fccd7a, value = threadLocal4-value
--------table[7] -> null
--------table[8] -> null
--------table[9] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@1dae16b1, value = newThreadLocal1-value
--------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@19e0ebe8, value = threadLocal0-value
--------table[11] -> null
--------table[12] -> null
--------table[13] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@46324c19, value = threadLocal5-value
--------table[14] -> null
--------table[15] -> null
--------table[16] -> null
--------table[17] -> null
--------table[18] -> null
--------table[19] -> null
--------table[20] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@60523912, value = threadLocal6-value
--------table[21] -> null
--------table[22] -> null
--------table[23] -> null
--------table[24] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@188bbe72, value = threadLocal2-value
--------table[25] -> null
--------table[26] -> null
--------table[27] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@688bcb6f, value = threadLocal7-value
--------table[28] -> null
--------table[29] -> null
--------table[30] -> null
--------table[31] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@38f1283, value = threadLocal3-value
------------------------------------------

從結果上看:

  • gc後table[1]和table[2](即threadLocal1和threadLocal8)的key變成了null
  • 加入新的threadLocal後,table的長度從16變成了32(因為此時的size是8,正好等於10 - 10/4,所以擴容),並且threadLocal1和threadLocal8這兩個entry不見了。

如果在gc前,我們把threadLocals[1、8、6、4、2]都去掉強引用,加入新threadLocal後會發現1、8、6、4、2被清除了,但沒有擴容,因為此時size是5,小於10-10/4。這個邏輯就不貼測試結果了,你可以取消註釋上面程式碼中相關的邏輯試試。

大部分場景下,ThreadLocal物件的生命週期是和app一致的,弱引用形同虛設

回到現實中。

我們用ThreadLocal的目的,無非是在跨方法呼叫時更方便的執行緒安全地儲存和使用變數。這就意味著ThreadLocal的生命週期很長,甚至和app是一起存活的,強引用一直在。

既然強引用一直存在,那麼弱引用就形同虛設了。

所以在確定不再需要ThreadLocal中的值的情況下,還是老老實實的呼叫remove方法吧!

程式碼地址

https://github.com/kongxiangxin/pine/tree/master/threadlo