.Net Core讀取Json配置檔案
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-11-24
前言：在與傳統的asp.net MVC專案相比,.net core專案在專案目錄的檔案結構上和功能上與前者都有很大的區別。例如：在.net core中使用Startup.cs取代Global.asax檔案用於載入應用程式的配置和各種啟動項。appsettings.json取代web.config檔案用於儲存應用程式所需的配置引數等等。。。
OK！步入正題,下面來說一下如何讀取Json配置檔案中的引數。
第一種:使用IConfiguration介面
我們先在appsettings.json中配置好資料庫連線字串,然後讀取它
{
"Connection": {
"dbContent": "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=test;User ID=sa;Password=123456"
},
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*"
}
在控制器中注入IConfiguration介面
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
namespace Read.json.Controllers
{
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class ReadController : Controller
{
private IConfiguration _configuration;
public ReadController(IConfiguration configuration)
{
_configuration = configuration;
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<string> ReadJson()
{
//讀參
string conn = _configuration["Connection:dbContent"];
return "";
}
}
}
當然也可以讀取陣列形式的json,一樣的先在appsettings.json中寫好配置引數，如下：
{
"Connection": {
"dbContent": "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=test;User ID=sa;Password=123456"
},
//------------------------
"Content": [
{
"Trade_name": {
"test1": "小熊餅乾",
"test2": "旺仔QQ糖",
"test3": "娃哈哈牛奶"
}
}
],
//------------------------
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*"
}比如我們想讀取test1
string commodity_test1 = _configuration["Content:0:Trade_name:test1"];
第二種：使用IOptions<T>來讀取json配置檔案
先把NuGet包導進專案：Microsoft.Extensions.Options.ConfigurationExtensions
首先在appsettings.json中新增節點如下
{
"Connection": {
"dbContent": "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=test;User ID=sa;Password=123456"
},
//------------------------
"Content": [
{
"Trade_name": {
"test1": "小熊餅乾",
"test2": "旺仔QQ糖",
"test3": "娃哈哈牛奶"
}
}
],
//------------------------
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
//==============================
"Information": {
"school": {
"Introduce": {
"Name": "實驗小學",
"Class": "中班",
"Number": "15人"
},
"Region": {
"Province": "湖北",
"City": "武漢",
"Area": "洪山區"
},
"Detailed_address": [
{
"Address": "佳園路207號"
}
]
}
}
//==============================
}
然和再建立一個與這個節點"相同"的類
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Read.json
{
public class Information
{
public School school { get; set; }
}
public class School
{
public Introduce Introduce { get; set; }
public Region Region { get; set; }
public List<Detailed_address> data { get; set; }
}
public class Introduce
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Class { get; set; }
public string Number { get; set; }
}
public class Region
{
public string Province { get; set; }
public string City { get; set; }
public string Area { get; set; }
}
public class Detailed_address
{
public string Address { get; set; }
}
}
在Startup中新增如下程式碼
#region 服務註冊,在控制器中通過注入的形式使用
services.AddOptions();
services.Configure<Information>(Configuration.GetSection("Information"));
#endregion
控制器中使用：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
namespace Read.json.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
[ApiController]
public class ReadController : Controller
{
private IConfiguration _configuration;
readonly Information _Information;
readonly IOptions<Information> _options;
public ReadController(IConfiguration configuration,
Information Information,
IOptions<Information> options)
{
_configuration = configuration;
_Information = Information;
_options = options;
}
[HttpGet]
public async Task<IActionResult> ReadInformation()
{
string Address = _options.Value.school.Region.Province + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Region.City + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Region.Area + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Detailed_address[0].Address + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Introduce.Name + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Introduce.Class + "-" +
_options.Value.school.Introduce.Number;
return Json(Address);
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<string> ReadJson()
{
string conn = _configuration["Connection:dbContent"];
string commodity = _configuration["Content:0:Trade_name:test1"];
return "";
}
}
}
第三種：這種應該比較常見,任意讀取自定義的json檔案
首先建立一個json檔案
{
"system_version": {
"Edition": ".Net Core 3.0",
"Project_Name": "Read.json"
}
}
再建一個類,封裝一個方法
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Read.json
{
public class Json_File
{
public IConfigurationRoot Read_Json_File()
{
//這句程式碼會讀取read_json.json中的內容
return new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("read_json.json")
.Build();
}
}
}
在控制器中呼叫：
[HttpGet]
public async Task<IActionResult> ReadSystemVersion()
{
var configuration = _json_File.Read_Json_File();
string system = "使用的是" + configuration["system_version:Edition"] + "的版本" + "," +
"專案名稱是" + configuration["system_version:Project_Name"];
return Json(new
{
data = system
});
}
Demo地址：Func<Address,Project> func = (address) => git clone address;
var project = func("https://github.com/Davenever/Read_Json.git");
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