Linux系統之網路檔案共享與資料實時同步實踐
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-02-17
1、實現基於MYSQL驗證的vsftpd虛擬使用者訪問
首先環境說明，資料庫伺服器是192.168.0.10，vsftpd伺服器是192.168.0.30
1）安裝vsftpd
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-25.el7 base 171 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 171 k
Installed size: 353 k
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm | 171 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
2)編譯安裝pam-mysql
2.1、安裝編譯環境依賴包
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum groupinstall -y "development tools" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Maybe run: yum groups mark install (see man yum) No packages in any requested group available to install or update [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-devel pam-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Package 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package pam-devel-1.1.8-22.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
說明：以上提示我們需要的包組和包都已經安裝好了
2.2、上傳pam_mysql-0.7RC1.tar.gz，解壓、編譯安裝
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# rz rz waiting to receive. zmodem trl+C ȡ 100% 326 KB 326 KB/s 00:00:01 0 Errorsgz... [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ls pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# tar xf pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ls pam_mysql-0.7pre3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cd pam_mysql-0.7pre3 [root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]# ./configure --with-pam-mods-dir=/lib64/security checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for working aclocal-1.4... missing checking for working autoconf... found ……省略部分內容 checking for crypt... yes configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating pam_mysql.spec config.status: creating config.h config.status: executing default-1 commands [root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]#
提示：如果與編譯的環境檢查沒有ERROR的錯誤出現，接下來我們就可以編譯和安裝了。預編譯選項 就只需要指定模組的存放位置即可，pam相關的模組存放路徑都是lib64/security目錄下，我們指定其存放位置即可
2.3、編譯、安裝pam-mysql
[root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]# make -j 4 && make install
提示：-j表示指定幾個程序來同時編譯，如果不指定預設是1個程序
[root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]# make -j 4 && make install
/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -I/usr/include/security -I/usr/include -g -O2 -I/usr/include/mysql -c pam_mysql.c
mkdir .libs
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -I/usr/include/security -I/usr/include -g -O2 -I/usr/include/mysql -c pam_mysql.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/pam_mysql.o
pam_mysql.c: In function 'pam_mysql_converse':
pam_mysql.c:3179:4: warning: passing argument 2 of 'conv->conv' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
conv->appdata_ptr))) {
^
pam_mysql.c:3179:4: note: expected 'const struct pam_message **' but argument is of type 'struct pam_message **'
/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -I/usr/include/mysql -o pam_mysql.la -rpath /lib64/security -module -avoid-version pam_mysql.lo -L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -ldl -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt
gcc -shared .libs/pam_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -ldl -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt -Wl,-soname -Wl,pam_mysql.so -o .libs/pam_mysql.so
creating pam_mysql.la
(cd .libs && rm -f pam_mysql.la && ln -s ../pam_mysql.la pam_mysql.la)
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/pam_mysql-0.7pre3'
/bin/sh ./mkinstalldirs /lib64/security
/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c pam_mysql.la /lib64/security/pam_mysql.la
/usr/bin/install -c .libs/pam_mysql.so /lib64/security/pam_mysql.so
/usr/bin/install -c .libs/pam_mysql.lai /lib64/security/pam_mysql.la
PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /lib64/security
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/lib64/security
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/pam_mysql-0.7pre3'
[root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]#
提示：當然這個編譯速度很快，我們可以去對應的目錄看看是不是我們需要的模組已經安裝對應的目錄了
[root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]# ll /lib64/security/ |grep pam_mysql -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 882 Feb 16 02:57 pam_mysql.la -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 140904 Feb 16 02:57 pam_mysql.so [root@test-centos7-node3 pam_mysql-0.7pre3]#
到此，vsftpd基於mysql認證的模組已經完成了安裝，接下來我們需要配置vsftpd，讓其認證基於mysql來認證
3）配置vsftpd，讓其認證是基於mysql來做認證
建立vsftpd呼叫pam_mysql的配置檔案
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.mysql auth required pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=admin123.com host=192.168.0.10 db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=password crypt=2 account required pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=admin123.com host=192.168.0.10 db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=password crypt=2 [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：有關pam_mysql的用法我們可以在原始碼包裡看README檔案
修改vsftpd配置檔案，指定pam的配置檔案為vsftpd.mysql
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# grep pam /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf pam_service_name=vsftpd.mysql [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
在Linux系統建立一個用於登入FTP系統對映的一個系統賬號，比如vuser
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getent passwd vuser
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/ftproot/ vuser
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# chmod 555 /var/ftproot/
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ll -d /var/ftproot/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 vuser vuser 62 Feb 16 04:40 /var/ftproot/
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# mkdir /var/ftproot/{upload,pub}
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# setfacl -m u:vuser:rwx /var/ftproot/upload
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getfacl /var/ftproot/upload
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: var/ftproot/upload
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:vuser:rwx
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：ftp對登入的根目錄是登入被對映成的那個使用者的家目錄，被對映的使用者是不能對其有寫的許可權的，其他目錄無所謂，有寫許可權表示可以上傳檔案，沒有寫許可權表示不能上傳檔案
在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf中指定開啟guest使用者，並指定其對映成vuser
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# grep guest /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf guest_enable=YES guest_username=vuser [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：到此vsftpd就配置好了，接下來準備資料庫和表
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Syslog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database vsftpd;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use vsftpd
Database changed
MariaDB [vsftpd]> create table users(
-> id int auto_increment not null primary key,
-> name char(50) binary not null,
-> password char(48) binary not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [vsftpd]> desc users;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | char(48) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
MariaDB [vsftpd]>
提示：這個資料庫名稱和表達名稱參照上面的vsftpd.mysql裡面指定的名稱來
建立用於vsftpd連線mysql的賬號,這個賬號也是參照vsftpd.mysql的配置檔案裡指定的來建立
MariaDB [vsftpd]> grant all on vsftpd.* to vsftpd@'192.168.0.%' identified by 'admin123.com'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [vsftpd]>
在資料庫伺服器上新增虛擬賬號
MariaDB [vsftpd]> desc users;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | char(48) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [vsftpd]> insert users(name,password) values('tom',password('tompass')),('jerry',password('jerrypass'));
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [vsftpd]> select * from users;
+----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
| id | name | password |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
| 1 | tom | *25C2DC5924C8A153CFC4075267C2C1438B48A509 |
| 2 | jerry | *D38B663230A8D7BD6F2B1C5A6E262431CE5D9293 |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [vsftpd]>
提示：到此我們在資料庫裡把虛擬賬號給建立起來了，接下來我們啟動vsftpd，然後用建立的兩個虛擬賬號登入ftp系統
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ftp 192.168.0.30 Connected to 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.0.30:root): tom 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,53,71). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 pub drwxrwxr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 upload 226 Directory send OK. ftp> pwd 257 "/" ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ftp 192.168.0.30 Connected to 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.0.30:root): jerry 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,94,10). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 pub drwxrwxr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 upload 226 Directory send OK. ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：可看到我們在資料庫裡新增到使用者是可以登入到ftp系統的
以上兩個使用者都是擁有一樣的許可權，不能下載（預設是可以下載所有許可權位有r的檔案），不能上傳檔案，我們給tom新增上傳許可權，對jerry不做許可權修改。
在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf檔案中user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/,然後建立對應的目錄，在裡面新建一個和使用者名稱一模一樣的檔案，然後在其裡面寫對應的許可權即可
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# grep user_config_dir /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_config/ [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vuser_config [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/vuser_config [root@test-centos7-node3 vuser_config]# touch tom [root@test-centos7-node3 vuser_config]# cat > tom anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_world_readable_only=NO ^C [root@test-centos7-node3 vuser_config]# cat tom anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_world_readable_only=NO [root@test-centos7-node3 vuser_config]#
提示：以上表示給tom使用者授權，可以上傳下載檔案，新建目錄等，這個前提是對應的對映到使用者要對其檔案系統有寫許可權
重啟vsftpd，然後驗證tom和jerry的許可權
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ftp 192.168.0.30 Connected to 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.0.30:root): tom 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,49,80). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 pub drwxrwxr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 10:02 upload 226 Directory send OK. ftp> cd upload 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,240,251). 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> mkdir aa 257 "/upload/aa" created ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,91,141). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwx------ 2 1000 1000 6 Feb 16 10:03 aa 226 Directory send OK. ftp> put pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz local: pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz remote: pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,185,200). 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. 333992 bytes sent in 0.000498 secs (670666.62 Kbytes/sec) ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,142,95). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwx------ 2 1000 1000 6 Feb 16 10:03 aa -rw------- 1 1000 1000 333992 Feb 16 10:04 pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz 226 Directory send OK. ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ftp 192.168.0.30 [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ftp 192.168.0.30 Connected to 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.0.30:root): jerry 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,30,110). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Feb 16 09:41 pub drwxrwxr-x 3 0 0 48 Feb 16 10:04 upload 226 Directory send OK. ftp> cd upload 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,160,189). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwx------ 2 1000 1000 6 Feb 16 10:03 aa -rw------- 1 1000 1000 333992 Feb 16 10:04 pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz 226 Directory send OK. ftp> mkdir bb 550 Permission denied. ftp> put pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz local: pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz remote: pam_mysql-0.7pre3.tar.gz 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,30,177,120). 550 Permission denied. ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：以上測試說明，我們可以對不同的使用者單獨授權。有關ftp的其他配置請參考本人部落格https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/12106900.html
2、通過NFS實現伺服器/www共享訪問。
實驗環境，NFS伺服器192.168.0.30，客戶機192.168.0.10
在192.168.0.30安裝nfs-utils
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.65.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc >= 0.2.4-0.7 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.65.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gssproxy >= 0.7.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.65.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.65.el7.x86_64
……省略部分內容
Installed:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.65.el7
Dependency Installed:
gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-26.el7 keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7
libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7 libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7
libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7 libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.16.el7 libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 quota.x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7
quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-48.el7 tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7
Updated:
selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-252.el7_7.6
Dependency Updated:
libsemanage.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-33.el7 selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-252.el7_7.6
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：安裝nfs-utils 它會把其依賴包rpcbind給一起安裝上
新建共享目錄/www
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ls / bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp tools usr var [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# mkdir /www [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ls / bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp tools usr var www [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
配置nfs共享/www目錄
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cat /etc/exports /www 192.168.0.10(rw,root_squash,all_squash) [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：以上配置表示把/www目錄只共享給192.168.0.10這臺主機，並且以只讀、壓榨所有使用者許可權方式共享
啟動nfs-server
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# systemctl status rpcbind nfs-server
● rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# systemctl start nfs-server
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# systemctl status rpcbind nfs-server
● rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-02-16 05:33:51 EST; 2s ago
Process: 16255 ExecStart=/sbin/rpcbind -w $RPCBIND_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 16256 (rpcbind)
CGroup: /system.slice/rpcbind.service
└─16256 /sbin/rpcbind -w
Feb 16 05:33:51 test-centos7-node3 systemd[1]: Starting RPC bind service...
Feb 16 05:33:51 test-centos7-node3 systemd[1]: Started RPC bind service.
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since Sun 2020-02-16 05:33:51 EST; 2s ago
Process: 16290 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c if systemctl -q is-active gssproxy; then systemctl reload gssproxy ; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 16273 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 16270 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 16273 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service
Feb 16 05:33:51 test-centos7-node3 systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...
Feb 16 05:33:51 test-centos7-node3 systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:53457 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:35199 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.30:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::32961 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::60355 :::*
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：在centos7上啟動nfs-server它會把rpcbind服務一起啟動起來，在centos6上需要手動啟動rpcbind
在客戶端掛載共享目錄/www
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.0.30
Export list for 192.168.0.30:
/www 192.168.0.10
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mount 192.168.0.30:/www /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 48209924 1664784 46545140 4% /
devtmpfs 1922828 0 1922828 0% /dev
tmpfs 1932652 0 1932652 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1932652 8744 1923908 1% /run
tmpfs 1932652 0 1932652 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 2086912 137672 1949240 7% /boot
tmpfs 386532 0 386532 0% /run/user/0
192.168.0.30:/www 48210432 1717760 46492672 4% /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
提示：在客戶端如果沒有showmount命令，需要安裝nfs-utils即可
測試，客戶端掛載好共享目錄，客戶端在其共享目錄裡新建檔案，看看服務端是否能夠正常看到或者使用
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# cd /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# ls [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# cp /etc/fstab . cp: cannot create regular file ‘./fstab’: Permission denied [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# touch aa touch: cannot touch ‘aa’: Permission denied [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]#
提示：它告訴我們所沒有許可權，這是因為我們當前使用者是root,訪問nfs共享目錄是把許可權壓榨成nfsnobody使用者的許可權，因為在nfs服務端共享的目錄是root屬主，root組，其他使用者對其目錄沒有寫許可權，所以我們不能在其裡面建立檔案等操作。
在nfs服務端授權nfsnobody使用者對/www目錄有讀寫執行許可權
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# setfacl -m u:nfsnobody:rwx /www [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getfacl /www getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: www # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:nfsnobody:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
在客戶機上在對其掛載的共享目錄建立檔案或目錄，在伺服器端看看能否看到和使用呢?
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 48209924 1664764 46545160 4% / devtmpfs 1922828 0 1922828 0% /dev tmpfs 1932652 0 1932652 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1932652 8744 1923908 1% /run tmpfs 1932652 0 1932652 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2086912 137672 1949240 7% /boot tmpfs 386532 0 386532 0% /run/user/0 192.168.0.30:/www 48210432 1717760 46492672 4% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# cd /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# ls [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# cp /etc/fstab . [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# ls fstab [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# touch aa [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]# mkdir test [root@test-centos7-node1 mnt]#
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ll /www/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Feb 16 05:45 aa -rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 501 Feb 16 05:45 fstab drwxr-xr-x 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 6 Feb 16 05:45 test [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：在服務端可以看到客戶端新建的檔案和目錄。這裡需要注意一點的是，服務端往共享目錄裡放檔案，需要注意其許可權，如果是root屬主root屬組,客戶端那邊可以能沒有辦法對檔案進行寫。到此nfs共享/www目錄就完成了，更多nfs的使用和說明請參考本人部落格https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/12237964.html
3、配置samba共享，實現/www目錄共享
環境說明：smb伺服器上192.168.0.30，客戶機上192.168.0.10
1）安裝samba
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum install -y samba
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package samba.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: samba-libs = 4.9.1-10.el7_7 for package: samba-4.9.1-10.el7_7.x86_64
……省略部分內容
Installed:
samba.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7
Dependency Installed:
cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-40.el7 libldb.x86_64 0:1.4.2-1.el7 libtalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.14-1.el7 libtdb.x86_64 0:1.3.16-1.el7
libtevent.x86_64 0:0.9.37-1.el7 libwbclient.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7 pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.14-1.el7 samba-client-libs.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7
samba-common.noarch 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7 samba-common-libs.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7 samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7 samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.9.1-10.el7_7
Dependency Updated:
dbus.x86_64 1:1.10.24-13.el7_6 dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.10.24-13.el7_6
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
2）配置samba共享/www目錄
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# tail -6 /etc/samba/smb.conf
[share_www]
comment = share /www
path = /www
read only =no
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
3）檢查samba配置檔案
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# testparm
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Registered MSG_REQ_POOL_USAGE
Registered MSG_REQ_DMALLOC_MARK and LOG_CHANGED
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[share_www]"
Loaded services file OK.
WARNING: The 'netbios name' is too long (max. 15 chars).
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
# Global parameters
[global]
printcap name = cups
security = USER
workgroup = SAMBA
idmap config * : backend = tdb
cups options = raw
[homes]
browseable = No
comment = Home Directories
inherit acls = Yes
read only = No
valid users = %S %D%w%S
[printers]
browseable = No
comment = All Printers
create mask = 0600
path = /var/tmp
printable = Yes
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force group = @printadmin
path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
write list = @printadmin root
[share_www]
comment = share /www
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
path = /www
read only = No
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
4）啟動samba服務
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# systemctl start smb [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:53457 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:* LISTEN 0 64 *:35199 *:* LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.30:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::* LISTEN 0 64 :::32961 :::* LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::60355 :::* [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：smb預設工作在tcp的445埠
5）在客戶端使用smbclient檢視是否能夠看到smb服務端共享的目錄
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# smbclient -L \\192.168.0.30
Enter SAMBA\root's password:
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[TEST-CENTOS7-NODE3] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.9.1]
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
print$ Disk Printer Drivers
share_www Disk share /www
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.9.1)
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[TEST-CENTOS7-NODE3] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.9.1]
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
提示：如果提示smbclient未找到該命令，需要安裝samba-client這個包；從上面的提示我們客戶機上可以正常的看到samba伺服器共享出來的名為share_www目錄
6）找samba伺服器上新增一個samba賬號
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getent passwd tom [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin tom [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getent passwd tom tom:x:1001:1001::/home/tom:/sbin/nologin [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# smbpasswd -a tom New SMB password: Retype new SMB password: Added user tom. [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# pdbedit -L tom:1001: [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：samba的使用者必須是Linux主機上存在的使用者，為了安全文明建立使用者時指定其shell型別為/sbin/nologin
在客戶機上用新建的使用者去連線samba服務
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# smbclient //192.168.0.30/share_www -U tom%admin
Domain=[TEST-CENTOS7-NODE3] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.9.1]
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
.. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:23:56 2020
fstab N 501 Sun Feb 16 05:45:45 2020
aa N 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:49 2020
test D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
48209924 blocks of size 1024. 46455356 blocks available
smb: \> q
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
提示：在客戶機上用服務端新增到smb賬號是可以看到samba共享出來的目錄，以及目錄裡的檔案
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# smbclient //192.168.0.30/share_www -U tom%admin
Domain=[TEST-CENTOS7-NODE3] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.9.1]
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
.. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:23:56 2020
fstab N 501 Sun Feb 16 05:45:45 2020
aa N 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:49 2020
test D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
48209924 blocks of size 1024. 46455336 blocks available
smb: \> !ls
test.php
smb: \> put test.php
NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \test.php
smb: \> get fstab
getting file \fstab of size 501 as fstab (69.9 KiloBytes/sec) (average 69.9 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \> !ls
fstab test.php
smb: \> q
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
提示：我們新建的tom使用者在客戶端操作沒有上傳許可權，只有下載許可權。這是因為samba雖然指定了共享目錄可寫，但是對於tom使用者在服務端上的檔案系統沒有對其授權為可寫，所以我們這裡暫時沒法上傳，需要上傳檔案需要對其檔案系統賦予tom使用者有寫的許可權即可
在服務端授權tom使用者可以對其共享目錄有讀寫執行許可權
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# setfacl -m u:tom:rwx /www [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# getfacl /www getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: www # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tom:rwx user:nfsnobody:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
測試，在客戶端用tom使用者訪問共享目錄，然後上傳檔案，看是否能夠正常上傳檔案?
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# smbclient //192.168.0.30/share_www -U tom%admin
Domain=[TEST-CENTOS7-NODE3] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.9.1]
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
.. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:23:56 2020
fstab N 501 Sun Feb 16 05:45:45 2020
aa N 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:49 2020
test D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
48209924 blocks of size 1024. 46455776 blocks available
smb: \> !ls
fstab test.php
smb: \> put test.php
putting file test.php as \test.php (1.1 kb/s) (average 1.1 kb/s)
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sun Feb 16 06:30:30 2020
.. D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:23:56 2020
fstab N 501 Sun Feb 16 05:45:45 2020
aa N 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:49 2020
test D 0 Sun Feb 16 05:45:53 2020
test.php A 20 Sun Feb 16 06:30:30 2020
48209924 blocks of size 1024. 46455752 blocks available
smb: \> q
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
提示：修改了檔案系統許可權後，tom使用者對其共享目錄就可以上傳檔案了，更多samba服務端配置和說明請參考本人部落格https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/12237973.html
4、使用rsync+inotify實現/www目錄實時同步
實驗環境說明：rsysnc伺服器是192.168.0.30，客戶機上192.168.0.10
1）安裝inotify-tools
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum install inotify-tools -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package inotify-tools.x86_64 0:3.14-9.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
inotify-tools x86_64 3.14-9.el7 epel 51 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 51 k
Installed size: 111 k
Downloading packages:
inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
inotify-tools.x86_64 0:3.14-9.el7
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# rpm -ql inotify-tools
/usr/bin/inotifywait
/usr/bin/inotifywatch
/usr/lib64/libinotifytools.so.0
/usr/lib64/libinotifytools.so.0.4.1
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/README
/usr/share/man/man1/inotifywait.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/inotifywatch.1.gz
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：inotify是核心的一個功能，我們要使用其核心的功能，必須要在使用者空間安裝對應的工具才可以對其操作
2）安裝rsysnc
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# yum install -y rsync Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Package rsync-3.1.2-6.el7_6.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：系統告訴我們rsysnc這個包已經安裝好了
3）配置rsysnc服務，讓其工作為守護程序模式
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf # /etc/rsyncd: configuration file for rsync daemon mode # See rsyncd.conf man page for more options. # configuration example: # uid = nobody # gid = nobody # use chroot = yes # max connections = 4 # pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid # exclude = lost+found/ # transfer logging = yes # timeout = 900 # ignore nonreadable = yes # dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2 # [ftp] # path = /home/ftp # comment = ftp export area uid = root gid = root use chroot = no max connections = 0 ignore errors exclude = lost+found/ log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid lock file = /var/run/rsyncd.lock reverse lookup = no hosts allow = 192.168.0.0/24 [backup] path = /backup/ comment = share backup read only = no auth users = jerry secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
4）新建/backup目錄和/etc/rsysnc.pass檔案，並且配置一個使用者和密碼用於rsync同步
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# mkdir /backup [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ll /backup total 0 [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# echo "jerry:admin" > /etc/rsync.pass [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass jerry:admin [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：rsync.pass檔案用於存放rsync同步資料時用到的使用者和密碼，這個檔案的格式是使用者名稱：密碼，這些都是明文的，為了其內容的安全，通常我們把其許可權設定為非root使用者不可讀寫的許可權
5）啟動rsysnc服務
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# rsync --daemon [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.30:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::* [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
提示：rsysnc預設工作在tcp的873埠
6）在客戶機上安裝inotify-tools，並建立用於連線rsync伺服器上的使用者對應的密碼檔案和建立/www目錄
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# yum install -y inotify-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package inotify-tools.x86_64 0:3.14-9.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
inotify-tools x86_64 3.14-9.el7 epel 51 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 51 k
Installed size: 111 k
Downloading packages:
inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : inotify-tools-3.14-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
inotify-tools.x86_64 0:3.14-9.el7
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# echo "admin" > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass
admin
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.pass
-rw------- 1 root root 6 Feb 16 07:15 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mkdir /www
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ll /www
total 0
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
7）在客戶端上編寫指令碼，實現實時監控/www目錄下的資源，如有變動，立刻同步至rsysnc伺服器對應的目錄下
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# cat inotify_rsync.sh #!/bin/bash SRC='/www/' DEST='[email protected]::backup' inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M' --format '%T %w %f' -e create,delete,moved_to,close_write ${SRC} |while read DATE TIME DIR FILE;do FILEPATH=${DIR}${FILE} rsync -az --delete --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass $SRC $DEST && echo "At ${TIME} on ${DATE}, file $FILEPATH was backuped up via rsync" >> /var/log/changelist.log done [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
8）執行指令碼，然後在/www目錄下新建檔案，看看能不能及時同步到rsync伺服器上去
提示：沒有在/www目錄裡建立檔案時，rsync伺服器上對應的目錄是沒有任何檔案的，是一個空目錄
提示：可以看到我們在客戶端的/www目錄下新建檔案和目錄能夠及時的同步到rsync對應的/backup目錄下；更多關於inotify和rsync的說明請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/12246660.html
5、使用iptable實現: 放行telnet, ftp, web服務,放行samba服務,其他埠服務全部拒絕
1）載入nf_conntrack_ftp模組
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# lsmod |grep ftp [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# modprobe nf_conntrack_ftp [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# lsmod |grep ftp nf_conntrack_ftp 18638 0 nf_conntrack 133387 3 xt_conntrack,nf_conntrack_ftp,nf_conntrack_ipv4 [root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
2）編寫規則
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 52 packets, 3952 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 38 packets, 4088 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 21:23,80,139,445 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -A OUTPUT -j DROP
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
181 12960 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 multiport dports 21:23,80,139,445 state NEW
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
81 8524 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW,ESTABLISHED
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
[root@test-centos7-node3 ~]#
測試：在客戶機上訪問192.168.0.30上的telent 、ftp、 web、samba服務,看看客戶端訪問這些服務是不是正常放行的
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# telnet 192.168.0.30
Trying 192.168.0.30...
Connected to 192.168.0.30.
Escape character is '^]'.
test-centos7-node3 login: qiuhom
Password:
Last login: Sun Feb 16 09:44:25 from ::ffff:192.168.0.10
[qiuhom@test-centos7-node3 ~]$ ip a s ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:bd:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.30/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:bd74/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[qiuhom@test-centos7-node3 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# curl -I http://192.168.0.30/index.html
H