玩轉 Windows Terminal
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-07-10
今天給大家分享一下Windows Terminal的使用及個性化定製。
一、安裝
該專案的開源地址為https://github.com/microsoft/terminal，如果想折騰，可以按照上面的說明自己編譯。不想折騰的直接在microsoft store直接搜尋Windows Terminal，會搜到一個Windows Terminal 和一個Windows Terminal Preview版本。
本文以Preview版為例。
安裝好Windows Terminal Preview之後，預設打開了PowerShell，發現和原來的沒多大區別，顏色像CMD一樣漆黑一片。完全不像介紹的那麼酷。
圖 1
不同的是它是多Tab的，在標題右側有個下拉選單，可以開啟其他工具
圖 2
如上圖可以再開啟一個CMD標籤。
同時我們看到了設定選項，下面就開始倒騰一下相關的配置吧。
二、配置
點選【設定】，會開啟一個名為settings.json的檔案，大概如下面程式碼所示：
1 {
2 "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
3
4 "defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}", //預設開啟下面的profiles.List中的哪個profile，
5
6 // 是否將選中內容自動複製到剪下板，預設是false，如果需要複製，選中內容中點選滑鼠右鍵就實現了複製。如果是true，當選中的時候，就執行復制
7 "copyOnSelect": false,
8
9 // 複製的時候是否複製文字的樣式，例如顏色、字型等
10 "copyFormatting": false,
11
12 //profiles配置
13 "profiles": {
14 "defaults": {
15 // 設定通用配置
16 },
17 "list": [
18 {
19 // 針對 powershell.exe 這個profile進行配置.
20 "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
21 "name": "Windows PowerShell",
22 "commandline": "powershell.exe",
23 "hidden": false
24 },
25 {
26 // 針對 cmd.exe 這個profile進行配置.
27 "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
28 "name": "命令提示符",
29 "commandline": "cmd.exe",
30 "hidden": false
31 },
32 {
33 "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
34 "hidden": false,
35 "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
36 "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
37 }
38 ]
39 },
40
41 //自定義的color schemes放在這裡
42 "schemes": [
43
44 ],
45
46 // 在下面的集合中新增自定義的按鍵命令繫結
47 // 取消組合鍵，請將命令設定為“ unbound”。
48 "keybindings": [
49 // 在defaults.json中，複製和貼上已經被繫結到了 Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V .
50 // 正兩行又將它們繫結到了Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
51 {
52 "command": {
53 "action": "copy",
54 "singleLine": false
55 },
56 "keys": "ctrl+c"
57 },
58 {
59 "command": "paste",
60 "keys": "ctrl+v"
61 },
62
63 // 按下 Ctrl+Shift+F 開啟搜尋視窗
64 {
65 "command": "find",
66 "keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
67 },
68
69 // 按組合鍵 Alt+Shift+D 開啟一個新的窗格，注意不是標籤
70 //-“ split”：“ auto”使此窗格向著能提供最大面積的方向開啟。
71 //-“ splitMode”：“ duplicate”新窗格使用當前窗格同樣的配置檔案。
72 {
73 "command": {
74 "action": "splitPane",
75 "split": "auto",
76 "splitMode": "duplicate"
77 },
78 "keys": "alt+shift+d"
79 }
80 ]
81 }1. Profile設定：
【圖2】所示的下拉選單中，列出了"Windows PowerShell"、"命令提示符"和"Azure Cloud Shell"三個選項，為什麼是這三項呢？是在profiles的List集合中配置的。可以看到現有三項正好與圖2中的3項一一對應。
既然是可配置的，那麼我們是否可以自定義新增呢？當然是可以的，下一小節我們來實驗一下，本節先講現有配置。
第4行的defaultProfile屬性，設定了預設的Profile的guid，可以看出該guid正是Windows PowerShell的，所以我們開啟Windows Terminal的時候，預設開啟的是Windows PowerShell。
2. 複製設定：
第7行： 的"copyOnSelect"指定了是否將選中內容自動複製到剪下板，預設是false。這時如果需要複製，選中內容中點選滑鼠右鍵就實現了複製。如果是true，當選中的時候，就執行復制。
第10行：“copyFormatting”指定了在複製的時候是否複製文字的樣式，例如顏色、字型等。
3. 快捷鍵設定：
第48行，"keybindings"陣列設定瞭如何通過一些組合鍵觸發操作命令，例如複製、貼上、查詢等，程式碼中已經做了註釋，就不一一說明了。
這裡要說一下通過 "alt+shift+d"開啟新窗格，這個不是新tab，是在原視窗中拆分出來的，如下圖
圖3
新窗格會採用當前窗格的配置方案。可以按住 alt 鍵，然後使用箭頭鍵在窗格之間移動焦點。
打開了這麼多不知道怎麼關閉？可以鍵入 ctrl+shift+w 來關閉焦點窗格。 如果只有一個窗格，ctrl+shift+w 將關閉該選項卡。與往常一樣，關閉最後一個選項卡將關閉該視窗。
如果想要開啟新的tab可以使用"ctrl+shift+d"。
3. 配色方案設定：
第42行，"schemes"提供了一個空的陣列，用於放置自定義的配色方案。 具體介紹見下一節。
三、自定義樣式
setting.json 只列出了一些方便我們配置的選項， 其實系統中已經為我們做了許多預設配置。按住alt鍵， 再去點選設定選項，這時不會開啟setting.json, 而是會開啟一個名為default.json的檔案，這就是預設的配置檔案。
程式碼如下，做了摺疊有興趣的可以看一看。
// THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE! Changes to this file will be ignored.
{
"defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
// Launch Settings
"initialCols": 120,
"initialRows": 30,
"launchMode": "default",
// Selection
"copyOnSelect": false,
"copyFormatting": true,
"wordDelimiters": " /\\()\"'-.,:;<>~!@#$%^&*|+=[]{}~?\u2502",
// Tab UI
"alwaysShowTabs": true,
"showTabsInTitlebar": true,
"showTerminalTitleInTitlebar": true,
"tabWidthMode": "equal",
// Miscellaneous
"confirmCloseAllTabs": true,
"startOnUserLogin": false,
"theme": "system",
"rowsToScroll": "system",
"snapToGridOnResize": true,
"profiles":
[
{
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"name": "Windows PowerShell",
"commandline": "powershell.exe",
"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png",
"colorScheme": "Campbell",
"antialiasingMode": "grayscale",
"closeOnExit": "graceful",
"cursorShape": "bar",
"fontFace": "Cascadia Mono",
"fontSize": 12,
"hidden": false,
"historySize": 9001,
"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8",
"snapOnInput": true,
"altGrAliasing": true,
"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%",
"useAcrylic": false
},
{
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"name": "Command Prompt",
"commandline": "cmd.exe",
"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}.png",
"colorScheme": "Campbell",
"antialiasingMode": "grayscale",
"closeOnExit": "graceful",
"cursorShape": "bar",
"fontFace": "Cascadia Mono",
"fontSize": 12,
"hidden": false,
"historySize": 9001,
"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8",
"snapOnInput": true,
"altGrAliasing": true,
"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%",
"useAcrylic": false
}
],
"schemes":
[
// A profile can override the following color scheme values:
// - "foreground"
// - "background"
// - "cursorColor"
{
"name": "Campbell",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"background": "#0C0C0C",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"green": "#13A10E",
"yellow": "#C19C00",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"purple": "#881798",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2"
},
{
"name": "Campbell Powershell",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"background": "#012456",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"green": "#13A10E",
"yellow": "#C19C00",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"purple": "#881798",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2"
},
{
"name": "Vintage",
"foreground": "#C0C0C0",
"background": "#000000",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#000000",
"red": "#800000",
"green": "#008000",
"yellow": "#808000",
"blue": "#000080",
"purple": "#800080",
"cyan": "#008080",
"white": "#C0C0C0",
"brightBlack": "#808080",
"brightRed": "#FF0000",
"brightGreen": "#00FF00",
"brightYellow": "#FFFF00",
"brightBlue": "#0000FF",
"brightPurple": "#FF00FF",
"brightCyan": "#00FFFF",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF"
},
{
"name": "One Half Dark",
"foreground": "#DCDFE4",
"background": "#282C34",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#282C34",
"red": "#E06C75",
"green": "#98C379",
"yellow": "#E5C07B",
"blue": "#61AFEF",
"purple": "#C678DD",
"cyan": "#56B6C2",
"white": "#DCDFE4",
"brightBlack": "#5A6374",
"brightRed": "#E06C75",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightPurple": "#C678DD",
"brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
"brightWhite": "#DCDFE4"
},
{
"name": "One Half Light",
"foreground": "#383A42",
"background": "#FAFAFA",
"cursorColor": "#4F525D",
"black": "#383A42",
"red": "#E45649",
"green": "#50A14F",
"yellow": "#C18301",
"blue": "#0184BC",
"purple": "#A626A4",
"cyan": "#0997B3",
"white": "#FAFAFA",
"brightBlack": "#4F525D",
"brightRed": "#DF6C75",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightYellow": "#E4C07A",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightPurple": "#C577DD",
"brightCyan": "#56B5C1",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF"
},
{
"name": "Solarized Dark",
"foreground": "#839496",
"background": "#002B36",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#073642",
"red": "#DC322F",
"green": "#859900",
"yellow": "#B58900",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"purple": "#D33682",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"brightBlack": "#002B36",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3"
},
{
"name": "Solarized Light",
"foreground": "#657B83",
"background": "#FDF6E3",
"cursorColor": "#002B36",
"black": "#073642",
"red": "#DC322F",
"green": "#859900",
"yellow": "#B58900",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"purple": "#D33682",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"brightBlack": "#002B36",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3"
},
{
"name": "Tango Dark",
"foreground": "#D3D7CF",
"background": "#000000",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#000000",
"red": "#CC0000",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"yellow": "#C4A000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"purple": "#75507B",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC"
},
{
"name": "Tango Light",
"foreground": "#555753",
"background": "#FFFFFF",
"cursorColor": "#000000",
"black": "#000000",
"red": "#CC0000",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"yellow": "#C4A000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"purple": "#75507B",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC"
}
],
"keybindings":
[
// Application-level Keys
{ "command": "closeWindow", "keys": "alt+f4" },
{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "alt+enter" },
{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "f11" },
{ "command": "openNewTabDropdown", "keys": "ctrl+shift+space" },
{ "command": "openSettings", "keys": "ctrl+," },
{ "command": { "action": "openSettings", "target": "defaultsFile" }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+," },
{ "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },
// Tab Management
// "command": "closeTab" is unbound by default.
// The closeTab command closes a tab without confirmation, even if it has multiple panes.
{ "command": "newTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+t" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 0 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+1" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+2" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 2 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+3" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 3 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+4" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 4 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+5" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 5 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+6" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 6 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+7" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 7 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+8" },
{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 8 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+9" },
{ "command": "duplicateTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+d" },
{ "command": "nextTab", "keys": "ctrl+tab" },
{ "command": "prevTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+tab" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 0 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+1" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+2" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 2 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+3" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 3 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+4" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 4 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+5" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 5 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+6" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 6 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+7" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 7 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+8" },
{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 8 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+9" },
// Pane Management
{ "command": "closePane", "keys": "ctrl+shift+w" },
{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "horizontal" }, "keys": "alt+shift+-" },
{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "vertical" }, "keys": "alt+shift+plus" },
{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+shift+down" },
{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+shift+left" },
{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+shift+right" },
{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+shift+up" },
{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+down" },
{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+left" },
{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+right" },
{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+up" },
// Clipboard Integration
{ "command": { "action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+c" },
{ "command": { "action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+insert" },
{ "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+shift+v" },
{ "command": "paste", "keys": "shift+insert" },
// Scrollback
{ "command": "scrollDown", "keys": "ctrl+shift+down" },
{ "command": "scrollDownPage", "keys": "ctrl+shift+pgdn" },
{ "command": "scrollUp", "keys": "ctrl+shift+up" },
{ "command": "scrollUpPage", "keys": "ctrl+shift+pgup" },
// Visual Adjustments
{ "command": { "action": "adjustFontSize", "delta": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+=" },
{ "command": { "action": "adjustFontSize", "delta": -1 }, "keys": "ctrl+-" },
{ "command": "resetFontSize", "keys": "ctrl+0" }
]
}
View Code
這個檔案的結構和Setting.json檔案的結構基本上是一樣的，只不過系統提供了比較多的預設配置。 我們如果想寫配置也可以用作參考。
1.系統提供的配色方案
可以看到在default.json"schemes"陣列中提供了多種配色方案，例如"Campbell"、"Campbell Powershell"、"Vintage"等。
Campbell：
Solarized Light：
2. 配色方案的使用
使用方法就是在"profiles"節點中進行設定，例如Setting檔案中做如下配置：
//profiles配置
"profiles": {
"defaults": {
// 設定通用配置
"colorScheme": "Solarized Light"
},
"list": [
{
// 針對 cmd.exe 這個profile進行配置.
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"name": "命令提示符",
"commandline": "cmd.exe",
"hidden": false,
"colorScheme": "Tango Light"
}
// 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
]
},
可以看到程式碼中分別針對“default"和”cmd.exe“做了"colorScheme": "Solarized Light"和"colorScheme": "Tango Light"的配置，這使每個tab均預設採用名為"Solarized Light"的配色方案，cmd的tab除外，因為專門在cmd的節點中定義的優先順序要高於”default“的預設配置。
這也使我們簡單瞭解了"profiles"的配置方式。我們可以像配置配色方案一樣配置其他屬性。例如可以通過如下程式碼將預設的背景顏色設定成紅色（挺醜的）。
"defaults": {
// 設定通用配置
"background": "#FF0000"
},
當然這只是例子，關於這樣的樣式設定還是通過建議自定義colorScheme來實現（見下節）。不只是樣式，還可以設定游標、鍵盤、tab的標題等，這裡就不一一介紹了，詳見本文底部的官方連結。
3. 自定義colorScheme
本節我們自定義一個colorScheme。
//自定義的color schemes放在這裡
"schemes": [
{
"name": "FlyLolo Test",
"cursorColor": "#5F04B4",
"background": "#FFFFFF",
"selectionBackground": "#D8F781",
"black": "#3C5712",
"blue": "#17b2ff",
"brightBlack": "#749B36",
"brightBlue": "#27B2F6",
"brightCyan": "#13A8C0",
"brightGreen": "#89AF50",
"brightPurple": "#F2A20A",
"brightRed": "#F49B36",
"brightWhite": "#741274",
"brightYellow": "#991070",
"cyan": "#3C96A6",
"foreground": "#6A0888",
"green": "#6AAE08",
"purple": "#991070",
"red": "#8D0C0C",
"white": "#6E386E",
"yellow": "#991070"
}
]
設定了Windows PowerShell的背景和毛玻璃效果：
{
// 針對 powershell.exe 這個profile進行配置.
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"name": "Windows PowerShell",
"commandline": "powershell.exe",
"hidden": false,
"colorScheme": "FlyLolo Test",
"useAcrylic": true,
"acrylicOpacity": 0.7,
"backgroundImage": "D://1.png",
"backgroundImageStretchMode": "none",
"backgroundImageAlignment": "bottomRight",
"backgroundImageOpacity": "0.6"
},
最終效果如下圖。 背景圖個人建議不要弄全屏的炫圖，好看，但打字時就不實用了。
四、連線CentOS
之前連線CentOS習慣使用PuTTY，現在是否可以通過Windows Terminal來實現呢？ 在第二節我們知道可以在profiles的List集合中配置新的下拉選項功能。
在List中新增如下程式碼：
{
"guid": "{439227e1-65b3-4a60-a518-74afeca0c7c0}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "CentOS",
"commandline": "ssh 使用者名稱@域名orIP -p 埠號",
"icon": "ms-appdata:///Local/Centos.png"
}
icon 需要自己設定，VS右鍵點選settings.json標籤，找到該檔案所在的位置，
網上找了個centOS的圖示，， 放在settings.json的相同目錄下，配置中就可以通過 "icon": "ms-appdata:///Local/Centos.png" 這樣的路徑設定了。
這樣就配置完了，儲存settings.json檔案，無需重新啟動Windows Terminal就可以在下拉選項中找到CentOS了，點選該選項，會出現如下視窗，輸入密碼登入成功。
參考地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/terminal/