配置docker的pdflatex環境
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-03-28
# 技術背景
Latex在文件撰寫方面是不可或缺的工具，尤其是在寫文章方面，是必須要用到的文字排版工具。但是latex的環境部署並不是一個特別人性化的操作，尤其是在各種不同的平臺上操作是完全不一樣的，還經常容易報錯。我們可以一個一個的去解決報錯問題，但是這需要耗費極大的精力和時間，所以很多人選擇了直接在[overleaf](https://www.overleaf.com/?nocdn=true)進行latex的創作。但其實overleaf也有它的缺點，比如免費版本的頻寬和速度都比較受限，尤其是在國內的網路，訪問速度可謂是”一絕“。因此這裡我們介紹一個更加人性化的方案，而且對各大平臺的相容性非常都非常好：使用docker來部署latex環境。
# Docker的基本操作
在各大平臺的官方源裡面應該都會有提供docker容器，因此這裡我們也不過多的贅述。作者過去寫過一篇關於[使用docker來部署MindSpore開發環境](https://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/p/mindspore.html)的部落格，感興趣的讀者可以當作是拓展文章來閱讀一下。
首先我們在Manjaro Linux平臺上啟動docker（在其他平臺上的操作可能有區別，比如`service start docker`等）：
```bash
[dechin-root tex]# systemctl start docker
```
注意上述指令要在root帳號下才能夠啟動，如果要選擇在非root帳號下操作，docker容器是不支援的，但是我們可以選擇singularity這一類似的容器解決方案，相關內容可以參考這篇[部落格](https://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/p/singularity-install.html)。啟動服務之後，正常狀態下我們可以看到docker的status是處於active或者running的狀態：
```bash
[dechin-root tex]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disab>
Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-03-28 18:50:47 CST; 7s ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 25366 (dockerd)
Tasks: 123 (limit: 47875)
Memory: 219.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
├─25366 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd://
└─25378 containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml --log-l>
```
# 拉取容器映象
首先我們可以訪問[dockerhub官網](https://hub.docker.com/)搜尋一下是否存在我們所需要的容器映象，比如我們的搜尋結果如下：
可以看到這裡有很多的選項，一般我們可以直接選擇星星最高的容器映象進行下載使用：
```bash
[dechin-root tex]# docker pull fbenz/pdflatex
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from fbenz/pdflatex
f22ccc0b8772: Already exists
3cf8fb62ba5f: Already exists
e80c964ece6a: Already exists
9aa2583757a3: Pull complete
2c3d7890d583: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6ecca11b1a203faed5c0a2ace2a13aac100dd19d7a4e0db0474283bcded3c041
Status: Downloaded newer image for fbenz/pdflatex:latest
docker.io/fbenz/pdflatex:latest
```
下載需要一段的時間。下載完成後，可以在本地映象倉庫中找到剛才下載的這個映象檔案：
```bash
[dechin-root tex]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
fbenz/pdflatex latest 8e7742722956 3 months ago 24GB
```
我們可以測試一下這個容器映象中的pdflatex功能是否正常：
```bash
[dechin-root tex]# docker run -it fbenz/pdflatex pdflatex --help
Usage: pdftex [OPTION]... [TEXNAME[.tex]] [COMMANDS]
or: pdftex [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
or: pdftex [OPTION]... &FMT ARGS
Run pdfTeX on TEXNAME, usually creating TEXNAME.pdf.
Any remaining COMMANDS are processed as pdfTeX input, after TEXNAME is read.
If the first line of TEXNAME is %&FMT, and FMT is an existing .fmt file,
use it. Else use `NAME.fmt', where NAME is the program invocation name,
most commonly `pdftex'.
Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a backslash,
interpret all non-option arguments as a line of pdfTeX input.
Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a &, the
next word is taken as the FMT to read, overriding all else. Any
remaining arguments are processed as above.
If no arguments or options are specified, prompt for input.
-draftmode switch on draft mode (generates no output PDF)
-enc enable encTeX extensions such as \mubyte
-etex enable e-TeX extensions
[-no]-file-line-error disable/enable file:line:error style messages
-fmt=FMTNAME use FMTNAME instead of program name or a %& line
-halt-on-error stop processing at the first error
-ini be pdfinitex, for dumping formats; this is implicitly
true if the program name is `pdfinitex'
-interaction=STRING set interaction mode (STRING=batchmode/nonstopmode/
scrollmode/errorstopmode)
-ipc send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual
output file
-ipc-start as -ipc, and also start the server at the other end
-jobname=STRING set the job name to STRING
-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER set path searching debugging flags according to
the bits of NUMBER
[-no]-mktex=FMT disable/enable mktexFMT generation (FMT=tex/tfm/pk)
-mltex enable MLTeX extensions such as \charsubdef
-output-comment=STRING use STRING for DVI file comment instead of date
(no effect for PDF)
-output-directory=DIR use existing DIR as the directory to write files in
-output-format=FORMAT use FORMAT for job output; FORMAT is `dvi' or `pdf'
[-no]-parse-first-line disable/enable parsing of first line of input file
-progname=STRING set program (and fmt) name to STRING
-recorder enable filename recorder
[-no]-shell-escape disable/enable \write18{SHELL COMMAND}
-shell-restricted enable restricted \write18
-src-specials insert source specials into the DVI file
-src-specials=WHERE insert source specials in certain places of
the DVI file. WHERE is a comma-separated value
list: cr display hbox math par parend vbox
-synctex=NUMBER generate SyncTeX data for previewers according to
bits of NUMBER (`man synctex' for details)
-translate-file=TCXNAME use the TCX file TCXNAME
-8bit make all characters printable by default
-help display this help and exit
-version output version information and exit
pdfTeX home page: