20145308劉昊陽 《Java程式設計》實驗二 Java面向物件程式設計 實驗報告

實驗名稱

• Java面向物件程式設計

實驗內容

• 初步掌握單元測試和TDD
• 理解並掌握面相物件三要素：封裝、繼承、多型
• 初步掌握UML建模
• 掌握S.O.L.I.D原則
• 瞭解設計模式

統計的PSP(Personal Software Process)時間

實驗步驟

（一）單元測試

• 用實驗示例程式碼進行試驗
  • 寫完了第一代程式碼，建立MyUtilTest類，並書寫Test程式碼，通過編譯
    
    

• 輸入負分檢測，出現bug
  
  

• 修改程式，使之能夠處理負分情況
  
  

• 測試邊界情況，出現bug
  
  

• 修改程式，使之能處理邊界情況
  
  

• 使用TDD的方式設計實現複數類Complex

  • 首先建立test類，建立java檔案，並將java檔案go to到建立的test中
  • 根據所想功能書寫test

import org.junit.Test;

public class ComplexNumberTest {

        @Test

        public void ComplexNumber(){

            //ComplexNumber()方法

            ComplexNumber num1 = new ComplexNumber();

            assert num1.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault1:ComplexNumber()函式有錯誤";

            assert num1.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault2:ComplexNumber()函式有錯誤";

            //ComplexNumber(double r,double I)方法

            ComplexNumber num2 = new ComplexNumber(0, 0);

            assert num2.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault3:ComplexNumber(double r,double I)函式有錯誤";

            assert num2.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault4:ComplexNumber(double r,double I)函式有錯誤";

            //GetRealPart()方法

            assert num2.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault5:GetRealPart()函式有錯誤";

            //GetImaginaryPart()方法

            assert num2.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault6:GetImaginaryPart()函式有錯誤";

            //SetRealPart(double d)方法

            ComplexNumber num3 = new ComplexNumber();

            num3.SetRealPart(0);

            assert num3.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault7:SetRealPart(double d)函式有錯誤";

            //SetImaginaryPart(double d)方法

            num3.SetImaginaryPart(0);

            assert num3.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault8:SetImaginaryPart(double d)函式有錯誤";

            //ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)方法

            ComplexNumber num4 = new ComplexNumber();

            ComplexNumber num5 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);

            ComplexNumber num6 = new ComplexNumber();

            num4 = num1.ComplexAdd(num1);//自身相加，結果為0

            assert num4.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault9:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num4.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault10:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            num6 = num1.ComplexAdd(num5);//結果為負數

            assert num6.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault11:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num6.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault12:ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            //ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)方法

            ComplexNumber num7 = new ComplexNumber();

            ComplexNumber num8 = new ComplexNumber(1, 1);

            ComplexNumber num9 = new ComplexNumber();

            num7 = num1.ComplexMinus(num1);//自身相減，結果為0

            assert num7.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault13:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num7.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault14:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            num9 = num1.ComplexMinus(num8);//結果為負數

            assert num9.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault13:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num9.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault14:ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            //ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)方法

            ComplexNumber num10 = new ComplexNumber();

            ComplexNumber num11 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);

            ComplexNumber num12 = new ComplexNumber();

            ComplexNumber num13 = new ComplexNumber();

            ComplexNumber num14 = new ComplexNumber(1, 1);

            num10 = num1.ComplexMulti(num1);//自身相乘，結果為0

            assert num10.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault15:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num10.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault16:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            num12 = num1.ComplexMulti(num11);//0與複數相乘，結果為0

            assert num12.m_dRealPart == 0 : "fault17:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num12.m_dImaginPart == 0 : "fault18:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            num13 = num11.ComplexMulti(num14);//正數與複數相乘，結果為負數

            assert num13.m_dRealPart == -1 : "fault19:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            assert num13.m_dImaginPart == -1 : "fault20:ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c)函式有錯誤";

            //toString(double a,double b)方法

            ComplexNumber num15 = new ComplexNumber(-1, -1);

            ComplexNumber num16 = new ComplexNumber(0, 0);

            assert num15.toString(num15.m_dRealPart, num15.m_dImaginPart).equals( -1-1+"i") : "fault21:toString(double a,double b)函式有錯誤";//實部虛部全部為複數

            assert num16.toString(num16.m_dRealPart, num16.m_dImaginPart).equals(0) : "fault22e:toString(double a,double b)函式有錯誤";//實部虛部全部為0

            //成功

            // System.out.println("沒有發現程式錯誤");

        }

    }

• 根據test檔案寫java檔案,開始進行測試，發生錯誤
  
  

• 發現是test檔案把ComplexMulti()錯寫成ComplexAdd()，修改程式碼
  
  

• 執行成功，出現fault21
  
  

• 修改fault21
  
  

• 沒有解決錯誤
  
  

• Complex類程式碼

import java.util.Scanner;

import java.lang.String;

public class ComplexNumber {

    public double m_dRealPart;//實部

    public double m_dImaginPart;//虛部

    public ComplexNumber(){//建構函式，將實部虛部置0

        double m_dRealPart = 0;

        double m_dImaginPart = 0;

    }

    public ComplexNumber(double r,double I){//建構函式，建立複數物件的同時完成負數的實部虛部的初始化

        this.m_dRealPart = r;

        this.m_dImaginPart = I;

    }

    public double GetRealPart(){//獲取實部

       return this.m_dRealPart;

   }

    public double GetImaginaryPart(){//獲取虛部

        return this.m_dImaginPart;

    }

    public double SetRealPart(double d){//設定實部

        m_dRealPart = d;

        return m_dRealPart;

    }

    public double SetImaginaryPart(double d){//設定虛部

        m_dImaginPart = d;

        return m_dImaginPart;

    }

    ComplexNumber ComplexAdd(ComplexNumber c){//複數相加

        double real = c.GetRealPart();

        double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();

        double newReal = real + m_dRealPart;

        double newImage = image + m_dImaginPart;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);

        return Result;

    }

   /*ComplexNumber ComplexAdd(double c){//複數相加

        double real = c;

        double newReal = real + m_dRealPart;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);

        return Result;

    }*/

    ComplexNumber ComplexMinus(ComplexNumber c){//複數相減

        double real = c.GetRealPart();

        double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();

        double newReal = m_dRealPart - real ;

        double newImage = m_dImaginPart - image;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);

        return Result;

    }

   /* ComplexNumber ComplexMinus(double c){//複數相減

        double real = c;

        double newReal = real - m_dRealPart;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);

        return Result;

    }*/

    ComplexNumber ComplexMulti(ComplexNumber c){//複數相乘

        double real = c.GetRealPart();

        double image = c.GetImaginaryPart();

        double newReal = real * m_dRealPart;

        double newImage = image * m_dImaginPart;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,newImage);

        return Result;

    }

    /*ComplexNumber ComplexMulti(double c){//複數相乘

        double real = c;

        double newReal = real * m_dRealPart;

        ComplexNumber Result = new ComplexNumber(newReal,0);

        return Result;

    }*/

    public String toString(double a,double b){//把當前複數物件的實部虛部組合成a+bi的字串形式

        String c;

        if(b == 0) {c =""+a;}//將double型變數轉為String型別

        else if(b < 0){c = a+b+"i";}

        else {c = a+"+"+b +"i";}

        return c;

    }

}

• 使用StarUML建模

  • 我的程式沒有繼承和操作介面，所以用實驗示例來做

  • 建立兩個類，設定許可權和類裡面的方法

  • 建立測試類AnimalTest，將測試類依賴這兩個類
    
    

  • 建立Animal，並設定為父類，將兩個子類設定繼承該父類，有繼承和操作介面的完整圖
    
    

問題及解決過程

• 問題：toString類的test出錯，經過查詢程式碼，應該沒有錯誤，感覺是test檔案不對
  
  

• 解決過程：修改程式碼還是執行不出來，有待解決
  
  

• 問題：建模時建立了父類Animal子類無法繼承
  
  

• 解決過程：對照示例發現Animal沒有變成斜體字，無法繼承，就勾選了Properties工具欄中的IsAbstract選項，成功
  
  

實驗體會

• 這次實驗內容很多，學習了單元測試，還接觸了一個全新的軟體StarUML,並用軟體進行建模，感覺實驗時間雖然緊張，但是還是學習到了很多，當然也有很多沒解決的問題
• 單元測試真的很方便，在寫程式前就可以設計好程式再進行書寫，避免有bug，還可以對書寫好的類進行全面的測試，體會到了三種程式碼的區別與用處
• 建模將Java中類的抽象的封裝繼承關係具體到圖形上，讓人更直觀的感受到了他們之間的關係