python與java對接工具Jython介紹

摘要： 快速入門 下面我們使用jython來呼叫自定義jar包中的類。 編輯java檔案：Beach.java public class Beach { private String name; private String cit...

快速入門

下面我們使用jython來呼叫自定義jar包中的類。

編輯java檔案：Beach.java

public class Beach {

private String name;
private String city;

public Beach(String name, String city){
this.name = name;
this.city = city;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public String getCity() {
return city;
}

public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}

}

編譯成jar包：

# javac Beach.java 
# echo Main-Class: Beach >manifest.txt
# jar cvfm Craps.jar manifest.txt *.class
已新增清單
正在新增: Beach.class(輸入 = 795) (輸出 = 430)(壓縮了 45%)
正在新增: Point.class(輸入 = 708) (輸出 = 445)(壓縮了 37%)

新增Craps.jar到CLASSPATH，修改/etc/profile，修改CLASSPATH

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/jython/Craps.jar

使用. /etc/profile匯入變數。然後使用jython呼叫java程式碼。

# ./jython 
Jython 2.7.0 (default:9987c746f838, Apr 29 2015, 02:25:11) 
[Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (Oracle Corporation)] on java1.7.0_79
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Beach
>>> beach = Beach("Cocoa Beach","Cocoa Beach")
>>> beach.getName()
u'Cocoa Beach'
>>> print beach.getName()
Cocoa Beach
>>>

基礎

Linux安裝：

# java -jar jython-installer-2.7.0.jar 
# ./jython 
Jython 2.7.0 (default:9987c746f838, Apr 29 2015, 02:25:11) 
[Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (Oracle Corporation)] on java1.7.0_79
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

windows安裝：雙擊jython-installer-2.7.0.jar, 執行jython.exe

變數定義：

java
int x = 0;
jython：
x = 0
x = 'Hello Jython'

是動態型別的。

保留字：

andassertbreakclasscontinue
defdelelifelseexcept
execfinallyforfromglobal
orpassprintraisereturn
trywhilewithyield

編碼結構使用縮排。

函式名也可以作為函式的引數。

語句關鍵字：

if-elif-elsefor
whilecontinue
breaktry-except-finally
assertdef
printdel
raiseimport

檔名和類名一樣可以直接匯入。

此部分參考資料：

ofollow,noindex">http://www.jython.org/jythonbook/en/1.0/JythonAndJavaIntegration.html

http://www.skylit.com/javamethods/faqs/createjar.html

參考資料：

http://www.jython.org/jythonbook/en/1.0/

模組和包

檢視名稱空間

>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__']

Jython的匯入不像java那樣必須在頭部。匯入java以右邊名優先，python以左邊名優先。模組查詢路徑：

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/local/jython2.7.0/Lib', '__classpath__', '__pyclasspath__/', '/usr/local/jython2.7.0/Lib/site-packages']

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/local/jython2.7.0/Lib', '__classpath__', '__pyclasspath__/', '/usr/local/jython2.7.0/Lib/site-packages']

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append("/home/andrew/code/java/mysql-connector-java-5.1.39/mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar")
>>> import com.mysql
*sys-package-mgr*: can't write cache file for '/home/andrew/code/java/mysql-connector-java-5.1.39/mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar'
*sys-package-mgr*: can't write index file
>>> dir(com.mysql)
['__name__', 'fabric', 'jdbc']

>>> import java.util.zip
>>> dir(java.util.zip)
['Adler32', 'CRC32', 'CheckedInputStream', 'CheckedOutputStream', 'Checksum', 'DataFormatException', 'Deflater', 'DeflaterInputStream', 'DeflaterOutputStream', 'GZIPInputStream', 'GZIPOutputStream', 'Inflater', 'InflaterInputStream', 'InflaterOutputStream', 'ZipEntry', 'ZipError', 'ZipException', 'ZipFile', 'ZipInputStream', 'ZipOutputStream', '__name__']
>>> dir(java.util.zip.ZipInputStream)
['__class__', '__copy__', '__deepcopy__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__ensure_finalizer__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__unicode__', 'available', 'class', 'close', 'closeEntry', 'equals', 'getClass', 'getNextEntry', 'hashCode', 'mark', 'markSupported', 'nextEntry', 'notify', 'notifyAll', 'read', 'reset', 'skip', 'toString', 'wait']

Jython 查詢Jar和類的方法：

python.packages.paths
python.packages.directories

java.class.path
java.ext.dirs

python.cachedir.skip

pycimport把python位元組碼轉換成java位元組碼。Jython匯入java包可能有多個包合併。

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path_hooks
[<type 'org.python.core.JavaImporter'>, <type 'zipimport.zipimporter'>,
<type 'ClasspathPyImporter'>]

import pycimport

資料型別

Jython特定的collection，多用於給java傳遞資料。

# Import and use a Java ArrayList

>>> import java.util.ArrayList as ArrayList

>>> arr = ArrayList()

#Add method will add an element to the list and return a boolean to signify
successsful addition

>>> arr.add(1)

True

>>> arr.add(2)

True

>>> print arr

[1, 2]

比較老的Jarray，不推薦使用，不過可以建立空陣列：

型別：

CharacterJava Equivalent
zboolean
bbyte
cchar
dDouble
fFloat
hShort
iInt
lLong

>>> my_seq = (1,2,3,4,5)

>>> from jarray import array

>>> array(my_seq,'i')

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

>>> myStr = "Hello Jython"

>>> array(myStr,'c')

array('c', 'Hello Jython')

>>> arr = zeros(10,'z')

>>> arr

array('z', [False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False])

>>> arr2 = zeros(6, 'i')

>>> arr2

array('i', [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

求素數

>>> ``nums = range(2, 50) `
`>>> ``for i in range(2, 8): `
`... ``nums = filter(lambda x: x == i or x % i, nums)`
`... `
`>>> ``print nums`

讀取輸入：

<pre># Obtain a value from the command line and store it into a variable
>>> import sys
>>> fav_team = sys.stdin.readline()
Cubs
>>> sys.stdout.write("My favorite team is: %s" % fav_team)
My favorite team is: Cubs</pre>

函式

協程：

**def** search_file(filename):
**print** 'Searching file *%s*' % (filename)
my_file = open(filename, 'r')
file_content = my_file.read()
my_file.close()
**while** True:
search_text = (**yield**)
search_result = file_content.count(search_text)
**print** 'Number of matches: *%d*' % (search_result)</pre>

Jython指令碼程式設計基礎

os.chdir不會改變jvm的啟動目錄。

>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/frank/Desktop/frank/hg/jythonbook~jython-book/src/chapter8'
>>> from java.io import File
>>> f = File(".")
>>> for x in f.list():
... print x
...
args.py
search.py
>>> os.chdir("/Users/frank")
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/frank'
>>> os.listdir(".")
['Desktop', 'Documents', 'Downloads', 'Dropbox', 'Library', 'Movies', 'Music', 'Pictures', 'Public', 'Sites']
>>> g = File(".")
>>> for x in g.list():
...print x
...
args.py
search.py

編譯程式碼
```#!python
#!/usr/local/jython2.7.0/bin/jython

from javax.tools import (ForwardingJavaFileManager, ToolProvider, DiagnosticCollector,)
names = ["/home/andrew/code/python/jythonbook/src/chapter8/HelloWorld.java"]
compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler()
diagnostics = DiagnosticCollector()
manager = compiler.getStandardFileManager(diagnostics, None, None)
units = manager.getJavaFileObjectsFromStrings(names)
comp_task = compiler.getTask(None, manager, diagnostics, None, None, units)
success = comp_task.call()
manager.close()

<pre>**import** **os**
**import** **sys**
**import** **glob**

**from** **javax.tools** **import** (forwardingjavafilemanager, toolprovider,
diagnosticcollector,)

tasks = {}

**def** task(func):
tasks[func.func_name] = func

**@task**
**def** clean():
files = glob.glob("\*.class")
**for** file **in** files:
os.unlink(file)

**@task**
**def** compile():
files = glob.glob("\*.java")
_log("compiling *%s*" % files)
**if** **not** _compile(files):
quit()
_log("compiled")

**def** _log(message):
**if** options.verbose:
**print** message

**def** _compile(names):
compiler = toolprovider.getsystemjavacompiler()
diagnostics = diagnosticcollector()
manager = compiler.getstandardfilemanager(diagnostics, none, none)
units = manager.getjavafileobjectsfromstrings(names)
comp_task = compiler.gettask(none, manager, diagnostics, none, none, units)
success = comp_task.call()
manager.close()
**return** success

**if** __name__ == '__main__':
**from** **optparse** **import** optionparser
parser = optionparser()
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
action="store_false", dest="verbose", default=true,
help="don't print out task messages.")
parser.add_option("-p", "--projecthelp",
action="store_true", dest="projecthelp",
help="print out list of tasks.")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

**if** options.projecthelp:
**for** task **in** tasks:
**print** task
sys.exit(0)

**if** len(args) < 1:
**print** "usage: jython builder.py [options] task"
sys.exit(1)

**try**:
current = tasks[args[0]]
**except** KeyError:
**print** "task *%s* not defined." % args[0]
sys.exit(1)
current()</pre>

<pre>public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World");
}
}</pre>

<pre>[frank@pacman chapter8]$ jython builder.py --help
Usage: builder.py [options]

Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-q, --quiet Don't print out task messages.
-p, --projecthelp Print out list of tasks.
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ jython builder.py --projecthelp
compile
clean
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ jython builder.py compile
compiling ['HelloWorld.java']
compiled
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ ls
HelloWorld.java HelloWorld.class builder.py
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ jython builder.py clean
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ ls
HelloWorld.java builder.py
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ jython builder.py --quiet compile
[frank@pacman chapter8]$ ls
HelloWorld.class HelloWorld.java builder.py
[frank@pacman chapter8]$</pre>