宜人貸蜂巢ELK Stack之elasticsearch許可權探索

Logstash ElasticSearch JRuby · 發表 2019-03-06 11:05:05

摘要：前言上文宜人貸蜂巢API閘道器技術解密之Netty使用實踐提到了，API閘道器“承外對內”，將外部請求，轉發到內部各個抓取服務。在閘道器中，不僅可以做鑑權、加解密、路由、限流功能；如果想了解各服務介面的呼叫次數、呼叫時間、成功次數、失敗次數等介面相關的統計，都可以閘道器中埋點，採集相關資...

前言

上文宜人貸蜂巢API閘道器技術解密之Netty使用實踐提到了，API閘道器“承外對內”，將外部請求，轉發到內部各個抓取服務。在閘道器中，不僅可以做鑑權、加解密、路由、限流功能；如果想了解各服務介面的呼叫次數、呼叫時間、成功次數、失敗次數等介面相關的統計，都可以閘道器中埋點，採集相關資訊，通過logstash放入elasticsearch（簡稱es），在kibana中或通過es的http請求獲得各服務介面的統計資訊。

ELK框架

圖

前段時間有一個需求，我們的es需要作為一個服務提供出來。考慮到es內儲存著敏感資料，需要對es新增許可權管理功能。搜尋es許可權管理，大概有三套方案：

ELK Stack官方安全外掛X-Pack Securit
es安全外掛Search Guard
自實現許可權管理

考慮到X-Pack Security是收費軟體，自開發一個許可權管理模組成本比較高，最後選用了Search Guard的社群版本，其支援的功能已經滿足當前需求。

圖

Search Guard安裝過程

Stop Elasticsearch

ps -ef | grep elasticsearch | grep -v grep |

awk {'print $2'} | xargs kill -9

Install Search Guard

/opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/bin/

elasticsearch-plugin install -b

com.floragunn:search-guard-5:5.5.1-14

如果線上伺服器不能訪問外網，可以事先下載對應版本的 Search Guard，再以本地模式安裝

/opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/bin/

elasticsearch-plugin install -b

file:///opt/soft/search-guard-5-5.5.1-15.zip

產生證書及配置es

如果在測試環境安裝es，可以使用軟體自帶的指令碼，生成CA及相應證書，並自動配置了es

sh /opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/plugins/search-guard-5/tools/install_demo_configuration.sh

但以上方式不適用於線上環境，我們的es希望在線上環境能提供許可權訪問控制，所以採用了search-guard-ssl生成線上證書
首先，下載了search-guard-ssl專案
git clonehttps://github.com/floragunnc...

生成證書，可以參考官方文件詳細說明
建議修改證書資訊及密碼

example-pki-scripts/etc/root-ca.conf

example-pki-scripts/etc/signing-ca.conf

最後，執行證書生成指令碼

sh ./example.sh

將相應的證書拷貝到es的config資料夾下
修改es配置

cluster.name: honeycomb-es-guard-5.5.1# node 1 to 5
node.name: node-1 
path.data: /data01/elasticsearch-guard
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-guard

network.host: 0.0.0.0

http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
thread_pool.bulk.queue_size: 50

searchguard.ssl.transport.keystore_filepath: node-1-keystore.jks
searchguard.ssl.transport.keystore_password: node_es
searchguard.ssl.transport.truststore_filepath: truststore.jks
searchguard.ssl.transport.truststore_password: r_ca_honeycomb
searchguard.ssl.transport.enforce_hostname_verification: false
searchguard.ssl.transport.enable_openssl_if_available: true
searchguard.ssl.transport.resolve_hostname: false

searchguard.ssl.http.enabled: true
searchguard.ssl.http.keystore_filepath: node-1-keystore.jks
searchguard.ssl.http.keystore_password: node_es
searchguard.ssl.http.truststore_filepath: truststore.jks
searchguard.ssl.http.truststore_password: r_ca_honeycomb

searchguard.authcz.admin_dn:
- CN=*,OU=client,O=client,L=test, C=de
- CN=kirk,OU=client,O=client,L=test,C=DE
searchguard.ssl.http.clientauth_mode: NONE

Restart Elasticsearch.
su elk

/opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/bin/elasticsearch -d
Initialise the Search Guard index by running sgadmin

<span style="font-family:monospace;font-size:14px;">/opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/plugins/search-guard-5/tools/sgadmin.sh -cd /opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/plugins/search-guard-5/sgconfig/ -cn honeycomb-es-guard-5.5.1 -ks /opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/config/kirk-keystore.jks -kspass ki_ca_1 -ts /opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/config/truststore.jks -tspass r_ca_honeycomb –nhnv</span>

測試結果

curl -k -u admin:admin 'https://localhost :9200/_searchguard/authinfo?pretty'

圖

es裝上Search Guard後的ELK框架

圖

kibana修改步驟

安裝外掛

/opt/soft/kibana-5.5.1-linux-x86_64-guard/bin/kibana-plugin install file:///opt/soft/searchguard-kibana-5.5.1-4.zip

kibana配置

server.port: 5601

server.host: "0.0.0.0"

elasticsearch.url: "https://localhost:9200"

kibana.index: ".kibana"

elasticsearch.username: "kibanaserver"

elasticsearch.password: "kibanaserver"

elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: none

start kibana

/opt/soft/kibana-5.5.1-linux-x86_64-guard/bin/kibana &

- 訪問頁面

![圖][5]

##logstash修改步驟

logstash在按照官方文件配置，且諮詢Search Guard官方後，並沒有安裝成功；現列出操作過程及問題現象，如有哪位讀者瞭解，還望不吝賜教

- Configure logstash to use HTTPS instead of HTTP.
例如，hosts => "https://..."
- If you want to verify the server’s certificate (optional, but recommended), you need to provide the path to the keystore containing your Root CA as well.
logstash不需要驗證es的證書，所以設定ssl_certificate_verification => false
如果進行證書驗證，需配置CA路徑及密碼
- Configure the logstash username and password.

####最終配置

output {

elasticsearch {

hosts => ["https://xx.xx.xx.32:9200"]
index => "%{log_project}-%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"

ssl => true
ssl_certificate_verification => false
#truststore => "/opt/soft/elasticsearch-5.5.1-guard/config/truststore.jks"
#truststore_password => r_ca_honeycomb

user => logstash
password => logstash

}

- start logstash

/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/bin/logstash -f /opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/conf/honeycomb-logstash.conf


##問題

####1. Search Guard 建議logstash不做證書驗證且不需要提供truststore和truststore_password，但按操作後，程序啟動成功，但仍有fail提示

WARNINGDetected UNSAFE options in elasticsearch output configuration!

WARNINGYou have enabled encryption but DISABLED certificate verification.

WARNINGTo make sure your data is secure change :ssl_certificate_verification to true {:level=>:warn}

PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target {:class=>"Manticore::ClientProtocolException", :level=>:error}

Pipeline main started

####2. logstash在啟動後，傳送資料給es時，始終報錯

Attempted to send a bulk request to Elasticsearch configured at '["https://xx.xx.xx.32:9200"]',

but an error occurred and it failed! Are you sure you can reach elasticsearch from this machine using the configuration provided?

{:error_message=>"PKIX path building failed:

sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested

target", :error_class=>"Manticore::ClientProtocolException", :backtrace=>["/opt/soft/logstash-

2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/manticore-0.6.0-java/lib/manticore/response.rb:37:in `initialize'",

"org/jruby/RubyProc.java:281:in `call'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/manticore-0.6.0-java/lib/manticore/response.rb:79:in `call'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/manticore-0.6.0-java/lib/manticore/response.rb:256:in `call_once'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/manticore-0.6.0-java/lib/manticore/response.rb:153:in `code'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/elasticsearch-transport-1.1.0/lib/elasticsearch/transport/transport/http/manticore.rb:84:in `perform_request'",

"org/jruby/RubyProc.java:281:in `call'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/elasticsearch-transport-1.1.0/lib/elasticsearch/transport/transport/base.rb:257:in `perform_request'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/elasticsearch-transport-1.1.0/lib/elasticsearch/transport/transport/http/manticore.rb:67:in `perform_request'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/elasticsearch-transport-1.1.0/lib/elasticsearch/transport/client.rb:128:in `perform_request'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/elasticsearch-api-1.1.0/lib/elasticsearch/api/actions/bulk.rb:93:in `bulk'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/http_client.rb:53:in `non_threadsafe_bulk'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/http_client.rb:38:in `bulk'",

"org/jruby/ext/thread/Mutex.java:149:in `synchronize'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/http_client.rb:38:in `bulk'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/common.rb:172:in `safe_bulk'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/common.rb:101:in `submit'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/common.rb:86:inretrying_submit'", "/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/common.rb:29:in multi_receive'", "org/jruby/RubyArray.java:1653:ineach_slice'", "/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-output-elasticsearch-2.7.1-java/lib/logstash/outputs/elasticsearch/common.rb:28:in multi_receive'", "/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/output_delegator.rb:130:in `worker_multi_receive'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/output_delegator.rb:114:in `multi_receive'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/pipeline.rb:301:in `output_batch'",

"org/jruby/RubyHash.java:1342:ineach'", "/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/pipeline.rb:301:in output_batch'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/pipeline.rb:232:in `worker_loop'",

"/opt/soft/logstash-2.4.1-guard/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-core-2.4.1-java/lib/logstash/pipeline.rb:201:in `start_workers'"], :level=>:error}

看日誌似乎是目的不可達，但在logstash機器上，通過命令測試，是可以訪問的
curl -k -u logstash:logstash 'https://xx.xx.xx.32:9200/_searchguard/authinfo?pretty'

![圖][6]

另外es有列印錯誤日誌

2017-08-24T10:39:20,834[c.f.s.h.SearchGuardHttpServerTransport] [node-2] SSL Problem Received fatal alert: certificate_unknown

javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: certificate_unknown

at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1666) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1634) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.recvAlert(SSLEngineImpl.java:1800) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:1083) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readNetRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:907) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.unwrap(SSLEngineImpl.java:781) ~[?:?]
at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:624) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler$SslEngineType$3.unwrap(SslHandler.java:254) ~[netty-handler-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1156) ~[netty-handler-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:1078) ~[netty-handler-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:489) ~[netty-codec-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:428) ~[netty-codec-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:265) ~[netty-codec-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:362) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:348) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:340) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1334) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:362) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:348) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:926) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:134) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:644) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysPlain(NioEventLoop.java:544) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:498) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:458) [netty-transport-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:858) [netty-common-4.1.11.Final.jar:4.1.11.Final]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [?:1.8.0_131]

2017-08-24T10:39:21,663[c.f.s.h.SearchGuardHttpServerTransport] [node-2] SSL Problem Received fatal alert: certificate_unknown