Program Thread 和 Process的不同點

摘要： Thread is for execution Kernel level thread, physical parallelism Cores Divide work amount of physical cores / CPU ...

• Thread is for execution
  • Kernel level thread, physical parallelism
    • Cores Divide work amount of physical cores / CPU
    • Load balancing
    • Data Splitting
      • Which will lead to data dependency coodination and message passing
    • Bad thing for multiple cores is this is hard for Testing and debugging
  • User level thread only have logical parallelism
    • Example, Read from user input is blocking; we have to work on it to make it logical parallelism
• Process is for resource

What is Program

Program是一個存在disk中且斷電或重啟不會消失可執行檔案，儲存在儲存媒介中，以實體檔案的形態存在

A program is an executable file residing on the disk (secondary storage) in a directory. It is also termed as a set of instructions stored in the secondary storage device that are intended to carry out a specific job. It is read into the primary memory and executed by the kernel.

本文來自 Abbymz 的CSDN 部落格 ，全文地址請點選： https://blog.csdn.net/Abby210/article/details/51225034?utm_source=copy

或者可以稱之為persistently 的檔案，斷電也不會消失。

What is Process ?

當program被執行之後，就變成了程序。執行者的許可權和程式所需的資料都會載入到記憶體中，OS會給予這些記憶體單元一個pid。

Unit of resource ownership (allocation) and unit of protection

text， Code of Programmer
Data
Heap
Stack

一個program可以創建出很多個程序，關機或停電會死掉

Process的組成

• Permission user or kernel
• Priority
• Files
• ID
  • PID
  • PPID
  • Folk
  • UserID
• Protected access to
  • Processors
  • other process
  • Files
  • I/O
• A virtual space that holds the process image

What is Thread ?

執行緒稱之為Lightweight Process，一個程序可以有多個執行緒，他們共享一片記憶體

• has access to the same data
  • When one thread alters a data, other threads see the results
  • When one thread open a file, other threads can also access that file.

Unit of dispatch or unit of execution

多執行緒的好處

• 開啟執行緒要快於開啟程序
• 關閉執行緒要快於關閉程序
• 切換執行緒要快於切換程序
• 執行緒可以相互通訊

什麼叫Multithreading

The ability of an OS to support multiple, concurrent paths of execution within a single process.

Process and thread states

• Ready
  • new process usually set as read state
  • At this time scheduler is not pick it up yet.
    • If it get picked by scheduler and running in CPU, then goes to Running State
    • If it get external event, something like lock, then goes to block
• Running,
  • Scheduler picked it up, and CPU is run this instruction
    • If it get finished, goes to Exit states
    • If it get IO interrupts, goes to ready, blocked status
    • If it can not get the resource which is conflict with other process, goes to deadlock
• Block
  • If it lock (wait able ) is release, or IO is completed, then goes to Ready
• Deadlock
• Exit (Zombie State)
  • When process is finished, waiting for cleaning up

How Deadlock happen ?

• When process A has resource a, and it need resource b from process B.
• At the same time, process B need resource a from A
• Then those process gonna have deadlock due to both of them can get the resource they need.

Reference

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5219996/

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