AB Test 壓力測試工具使用整理

壓力測試測試工具 · 發表 2019-03-30 10:58:08

摘要： Apache Bench，是 Apache 自帶的壓力測試工具。a可以對伺服器進行訪問壓力測試。系統安裝 Apache Server，自帶 ab 命令。 1. 概念吞吐率：伺服器併發處理能力的量化描述，單位是reqs/s，指的是某個併發使用者數下單位時間...

Apache Bench，是 Apache 自帶的壓力測試工具。a可以對伺服器進行訪問壓力測試。

系統安裝 Apache Server，自帶 ab 命令。

1. 概念

吞吐率：伺服器併發處理能力的量化描述，單位是reqs/s，指的是某個併發使用者數下單位時間內處理的請求數。某個併發使用者數下單位時間內能處理的最大請求數，稱之為最大吞吐率。
併發連線數：某一時刻伺服器所接受的請求數（會話數）。
併發使用者數：某一時刻伺服器所接受的連線數，一個使用者可能同時產生多個連線。
使用者平均請求等待時間：總請求數 / 併發使用者數。
伺服器平均請求等待時間：處理完成所有請求數所花費的時間 / 總請求數。

2. 命令

➜~ ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
# 本次測試所發的總請求數
-n requestsNumber of requests to perform
# 
-c concurrencyNumber of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimitSeconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeoutSeconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsizeSize of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B addressAddress to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfileFile containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfileFile containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosityHow much troubleshooting info to print
-wPrint out results in HTML tables
-iUse HEAD instead of GET
-x attributesString to insert as table attributes
-y attributesString to insert as tr attributes
-z attributesString to insert as td or th attributes
-C attributeAdd cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attributeAdd Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attributeAdd Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attributeAdd Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:portProxyserver and port number to use
-VPrint version number and exit
-kUse HTTP KeepAlive feature
-dDo not show percentiles served table.
-SDo not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-qDo not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-lAccept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filenameOutput collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filenameOutput CSV file with percentages served
-rDon't exit on socket receive errors.
-m methodMethod name
-hDisplay usage information (this message)
-IDisable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
-Z ciphersuiteSpecify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocolSpecify SSL/TLS protocol
(TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)

3. 測試示例

3.1 基礎訪問測試

ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://cms.test.com/

測試結果如下

Server Software:
Server Hostname:cms.kaleidoapp.cn
Server Port:80

Document Path:/
Document Length:2746 bytes

Concurrency Level:10
Time taken for tests:8.352 seconds
Complete requests:1000
Failed requests:0
Total transferred:2981000 bytes
HTML transferred:2746000 bytes
Requests per second:119.74 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:83.517 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:8.352 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:348.57 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
minmean[+/-sd] medianmax
Connect:293911.237173
Processing:334312.042190
Waiting:324312.041189
Total:628217.879226

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%79
66%84
75%89
80%90
90%93
95%96
98%135
99%197
 100%226 (longest request)

結果可以看出：

吞吐率：119.74
整個測試持續的時間：8.352s
完成的請求數：1000
失敗的請求數：0
總的網路傳輸量：2981000 bytes
HTML內容傳輸量：2746000 bytes
使用者平均請求等待時間：83.517 ms
伺服器平均請求處理時間：8.352 ms
平均每秒網路上的流量：348.57 kb

網路消耗時間分解

展示最小、平均、方差、中位值、最大值。

Connection Times (ms)
minmean[+/-sd] medianmax
Connect:293911.237173
Processing:334312.042190
Waiting:324312.041189
Total:628217.879226

請求處理時間分佈

可以看出，95% 的請求用時在 95ms 以內，最長請求時間為 226ms。

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%79
66%84
75%89
80%90
90%93
95%96
98%135
99%197
 100%226 (longest request)

3.2 介面請求

ab -n 1000 -c 10 -p 'list.json'-T 'application/json' -H 'Authorization: token' -s 10 http://api.test.com/app/v1/list

說明：

-p 代表的是入參的 json 檔案，或是 text 的鍵值對
-T 代表 contentType
-H 代表的是 http header 資訊
-s 代表的是超時時間，單位是秒，預設是 30s