Docker實現Mariadb分庫分表、讀寫分離

MyCat Docker MariaDB · 發表 2019-04-21 22:13:03

摘要： java java version "1.8.0_111" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.11...

java

java version "1.8.0_111"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)

複製程式碼

docker

Client:
 Version:18.03.0-ce
 API version:1.37
 Go version:go1.9.4
 Git commit:0520e24
 Built:Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018
 OS/Arch:linux/amd64
 Experimental:false
 Orchestrator:swarm

Server:
 Engine:
Version:18.03.0-ce
API version:1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version:go1.9.4
Git commit:0520e24
Built:Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018
OS/Arch:linux/amd64
Experimental:false

複製程式碼

三、安裝Mysql主從配置

1.部署資訊

節點名稱	資料名稱	節點IP	埠
master	marster	192.168.92.50	3306
slave	slave	192.168.92.51	3307
mycat	mycat	192.168.92.50	8066/9066

2.主節點配置檔案

建立mysql主節點配置檔案

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data

複製程式碼

建立主節點配置檔案docker.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin#只是讀寫,就只要主庫配置即可.如果要做主從切換，那麼主庫和從庫都需要開啟.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

複製程式碼

建立從節點配置檔案 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data

複製程式碼

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin 
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

複製程式碼

3.建立mysql容器

此處使用mariadb最新穩定映象建立容器

建立主節點myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

複製程式碼

建立從節點mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

複製程式碼

4.開啟主從複製

step 1 進入主節點

docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p
複製程式碼

step 2 建立使用者

create user'backUser'@'%'identified by 'root';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';

flush privileges;

show master status;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File| Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |787 |||
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

複製程式碼

step 3 進入從節點建立使用者開啟同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -proot

change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;

複製程式碼

開啟主從複製：

start slave;
複製程式碼

從節點設定日誌和檔名要跟主節點資訊對應，包括日誌記錄起始位置position

檢查主從複製是否OK

show slave status \G;
複製程式碼

*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.92.50
Master_User: backUser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 556
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

複製程式碼

Slave出現2個YES,代表主從複製設定成功。

5、安裝Mycat

下載mycat在50節點實現安裝

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz

mv mycat/ /usr/local/
複製程式碼

修改mycat目錄下 conf的server.xml 檔案，指定使用者名稱和密碼

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0為需要密碼登陸、1為不需要密碼登陸 ,預設為0，設定為1則需要指定預設賬戶-->
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property><!-- 1為開啟實時統計、0為關閉 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property><!-- 1為開啟全加班一致性檢測、0為關閉 -->
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>
<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
<!--單位為m-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
<!--單位為k-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
<!--單位為m-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
<!--是否採用zookeeper協調切換-->
<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
<!-- XA Recovery Log日誌名稱 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
<!--如果為 true的話 嚴格遵守隔離級別,不會在僅僅只有select語句的時候在事務中切換連線-->
<property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
</system>
<user name="root">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">test</property>
</user>
</mycat:server>

複製程式碼

上述配置，指定以root為使用者名稱，密碼為123456，訪問虛擬邏輯資料庫test。

配置rule規則修改mycat conf 資料夾下的schema.xml 配置資料庫對應規則

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
<table name="tb_user"primaryKey="id"autoIncrement="true"dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="userrule" />
<table name="tb_category" primaryKey="id" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="categoryrule" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="db2" />
<dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" />
<dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="localhost1" database="db4" />

<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<!-- 讀寫分離配置 -->
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.92.50:3306" user="root"
password="123456">
<readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.92.51:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
複製程式碼

上述配置scheam name 對應server配置檔案的虛擬資料庫，指定了2個表資訊，tb_user 表主鍵實現自增長，有4個數據庫節點，使用userrule表規則。

dataNode 指定了真實對應的物理資料庫節點，對應dataHost說明了讀寫指定的使用者和節點資訊。

配置表分片規則檔案rule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<!-- 配置資料庫規則 -->
<tableRule name="userrule">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>func1</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<!-- 配置資料庫test tb_category規則 -->
<tableRule name="categoryrule">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="murmur"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
<property name="seed">0</property><!-- 預設是0 -->
<property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的資料庫節點數量，必須指定，否則沒法分片 -->
<property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一個實際的資料庫節點被對映為這麼多虛擬節點，預設是160倍，也就是虛擬節點數是物理節點數的160倍 -->
<!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 節點的權重，沒有指定權重的節點預設是1。以properties檔案的格式填寫，以從0開始到count-1的整數值也就是節點索引為key，以節點權重值為值。所有權重值必須是正整數，否則以1代替 -->
<!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 
用於測試時觀察各物理節點與虛擬節點的分佈情況，如果指定了這個屬性，會把虛擬節點的murmur hash值與物理節點的對映按行輸出到這個檔案，沒有預設值，如果不指定，就不會輸出任何東西 -->
</function>

<function name="crc32slot"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
</function>
<function name="hash-int"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
</function>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">3</property>
</function>

<function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
<property name="partitionCount">8</property>
<property name="partitionLength">128</property>
</function>
<function name="latestMonth"
class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
<property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
</function>
<function name="partbymonth"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
<property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
<property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
</function>

<function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
<property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
</function>

<function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
<property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
</function>
</mycat:rule>

複製程式碼

上述檔案重點關注第一個tableRule、rule指定了分片規則在哪個表字段，algorithm指定了分片的演算法，其中 func1 與檔案後面function名稱為func1對應，此處使用了PartitionByLong分片演算法。

conf下增加sequence_conf.properties檔案，其內容如下：

TB_USER.HISIDS=
TB_USER.MINID=1
TB_USER.MAXID=20000
TB_USER.CURID=1

複製程式碼

主要申明瞭主鍵增長的策略。

四、Mycat分庫分表實踐測試

1.master節點手動建立資料庫

master節點手動建立4個數據庫db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作從節點)

此時開啟slave節點，會觀察到slave也會自動建立4個數據庫。

2.開啟mycat

使用命令 ./mycat start 開啟mycat

./mycat start 啟動
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前臺執行
./mycat restart 重啟服務
./mycat pause 暫停
./mycat status 檢視啟動狀態
複製程式碼

如果啟動失敗，請檢視 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日誌檔案資訊。

FATAL| wrapper| 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory
複製程式碼

如果遇到上述錯誤，請在mycat 目錄建立logs 資料夾，重新啟動即可。

[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
Mycat-server is running (5065).

複製程式碼

上述訊息則表示mycat啟動成功。

2.放行mycat通訊埠

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
複製程式碼

使用docker映象開啟mycat容器例項

docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456-d longhronshens/mycat-docker 
複製程式碼

或者關閉防火牆。

3. mycat連線

使用navicate連線mycat，埠8066(9066為管理埠)

使用命令連線mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> 


複製程式碼

管理端命令：

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066 
複製程式碼

檢視虛擬邏輯庫：

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| test|
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> 

複製程式碼

使用邏輯庫建立表：

MySQL [(none)]> use test;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user`(
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '使用者名稱',
`password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密碼，加密儲存',
`phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '註冊手機號',
`email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '註冊郵箱',
`created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
`updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,
UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,
UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '使用者表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
複製程式碼

可以看到mycat,mysql主從都建立了該表

在建立一張表：

CREATE TABLE `tb_category`(
`id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',
`sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序號，表示同級類目的展現次序，如數值相等則按名稱次序排列。取值範圍:大於零的整數',
`created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
複製程式碼

插入一條資料：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');
複製程式碼

為測試分庫效果，我們插入不同ID的資料來觀察一下：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', '[email protected]', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', '[email protected]', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', '[email protected]', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

複製程式碼

可以看到資料分別分佈在db1/db2/db3/db4,分佈的規則取決於插入資料的主鍵在rule.xml 設定的分片規則約束。

檢視mycat節點健康狀態，在主節點輸入如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME| TYPE| HOST| PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME| STOP|
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |1 |0 | idle|30000 | 1,9,6| 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |1 |0 | idle|30000 | 1,9,67381| 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)

複製程式碼

上述 RS_CODE 1代表節點正常，-1代表節點異常。

查詢mycat所有命令：

MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATEMENT| DESCRIPTION|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current| Report current timestamp|
| show @@time.startup| Report startup timestamp|
| show @@version| Report Mycat Server version|
| show @@server| Report server status|
| show @@threadpool| Report threadPool status|
| show @@database| Report databases|
| show @@datanode| Report dataNodes|
| show @@datanode where schema = ?| Report dataNodes|
| show @@datasource| Report dataSources|
| show @@datasource where dataNode = ?| Report dataSources|
| show @@datasource.synstatus| Report datasource data synchronous|
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?| Report datasource data synchronous detail|
| show @@datasource.cluster| Report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor| Report processor status|
| show @@command| Report commands status|
| show @@connection| Report connection status|
| show @@cache| Report system cache usage|
| show @@backend| Report backend connection status|
| show @@session| Report front session details|
| show @@connection.sql| Report connection sql|
| show @@sql.execute| Report execute status|
| show @@sql.detail where id = ?| Report execute detail status|
| show @@sql| Report SQL list|
| show @@sql.high| Report Hight Frequency SQL|
| show @@sql.slow| Report slow SQL|
| show @@sql.resultset| Report BIG RESULTSET SQL|
| show @@sql.sum| ReportUser RW Stat|
| show @@sql.sum.user| ReportUser RW Stat|
| show @@sql.sum.table| ReportTable RW Stat|
| show @@parser| Report parser status|
| show @@router| Report router status|
| show @@heartbeat| Report heartbeat status|
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?| Report heartbeat current detail|
| show @@slow where schema = ?| Report schema slow sql|
| show @@slow where datanode = ?| Report datanode slow sql|
| show @@sysparam| Report system param|
| show @@syslog limit=?| Report system mycat.log|
| show @@white| show mycat white host|
| show @@white.set=?,?| set mycat white host,[ip,user]|
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2| show mycat direct memory usage|
| show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency|
| switch @@datasource name:index| Switch dataSource|
| kill @@connection id1,id2,...| Kill the specified connections|
| stop @@heartbeat name:time| Pause dataNode heartbeat|
| reload @@config| Reload basic config from file|
| reload @@config_all| Reload all config from file|
| reload @@route| Reload route config from file|
| reload @@user| Reload user config from file|
| reload @@sqlslow=| Set Slow SQL Time(ms)|
| reload @@user_stat| Reset show @@sql@@sql.sum @@sql.slow|
| rollback @@config| Rollback all config from memory|
| rollback @@route| Rollback route config from memory|
| rollback @@user| Rollback user config from memory|
| reload @@sqlstat=open| Open real-time sql stat analyzer|
| reload @@sqlstat=close| Close real-time sql stat analyzer|
| offline| Change MyCat status to OFF|
| online| Change MyCat status to ON|
| clear @@slow where schema = ?| Clear slow sql by schema|
| clear @@slow where datanode = ?| Clear slow sql by datanode|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.16 sec)

複製程式碼

遇到如下錯誤：

修改schema.xml 檔案屬性 checkSQLschema :

<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100">
複製程式碼