PHP實現一個輕量級容器
什麼是容器
在開發過程中,經常會用到的一個概率就是依賴注入。我們藉助依懶注入來解耦程式碼,選擇性的按需載入服務,而這些通常都是藉助容器來實現。
容器實現對類的統一管理,並且確保物件例項的唯一性
常用的容器網上有很多,如PHP-DI 、YII-DI 等各種實現,通常他們要麼大而全,要麼高度適配特定業務,與實際需要存在衝突。
出於需要,我們自己造一個輕量級的輪子,為了保持規範,我們基於PSR-11 來實現。
PSR-11
PSR 是 php-fig 提供的標準建議,雖然不是官方組織,但是得到廣泛認可。PSR-11 提供了容器介面。他包含 ContainerInterface 和 兩個異常介面,提供使用建議。
/** * Describes the interface of a container that exposes methods to read its entries. */ interface ContainerInterface { /** * Finds an entry of the container by its identifier and returns it. * * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for. * * @throws NotFoundExceptionInterfaceNo entry was found for **this** identifier. * @throws ContainerExceptionInterface Error while retrieving the entry. * * @return mixed Entry. */ public function get($id); /** * Returns true if the container can return an entry for the given identifier. * Returns false otherwise. * * `has($id)` returning true does not mean that `get($id)` will not throw an exception. * It does however mean that `get($id)` will not throw a `NotFoundExceptionInterface`. * * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for. * * @return bool */ public function has($id); }
實現示例
我們先來實現介面中要求的兩個方法
abstract class AbstractContainer implements ContainerInterface { protected $resolvedEntries = []; /** * @var array */ protected $definitions = []; public function __construct($definitions = []) { foreach ($definitions as $id => $definition) { $this->injection($id, $definition); } } public function get($id) { if (!$this->has($id)) { throw new NotFoundException("No entry or class found for {$id}"); } $instance = $this->make($id); return $instance; } public function has($id) { return isset($this->definitions[$id]); }
實際我們容器中注入的物件是多種多樣的,所以我們單獨抽出例項化方法。
public function make($name) { if (!is_string($name)) { throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf( 'The name parameter must be of type string, %s given', is_object($name) ? get_class($name) : gettype($name) )); } if (isset($this->resolvedEntries[$name])) { return $this->resolvedEntries[$name]; } if (!$this->has($name)) { throw new NotFoundException("No entry or class found for {$name}"); } $definition = $this->definitions[$name]; $params = []; if (is_array($definition) && isset($definition['class'])) { $params = $definition; $definition = $definition['class']; unset($params['class']); } $object = $this->reflector($definition, $params); return $this->resolvedEntries[$name] = $object; } public function reflector($concrete, array $params = []) { if ($concrete instanceof \Closure) { return $concrete($params); } elseif (is_string($concrete)) { $reflection = new \ReflectionClass($concrete); $dependencies = $this->getDependencies($reflection); foreach ($params as $index => $value) { $dependencies[$index] = $value; } return $reflection->newInstanceArgs($dependencies); } elseif (is_object($concrete)) { return $concrete; } } /** * @param \ReflectionClass $reflection * @return array */ private function getDependencies($reflection) { $dependencies = []; $constructor = $reflection->getConstructor(); if ($constructor !== null) { $parameters = $constructor->getParameters(); $dependencies = $this->getParametersByDependencies($parameters); } return $dependencies; } /** * * 獲取構造類相關引數的依賴 * @param array $dependencies * @return array $parameters * */ private function getParametersByDependencies(array $dependencies) { $parameters = []; foreach ($dependencies as $param) { if ($param->getClass()) { $paramName = $param->getClass()->name; $paramObject = $this->reflector($paramName); $parameters[] = $paramObject; } elseif ($param->isArray()) { if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue(); } else { $parameters[] = []; } } elseif ($param->isCallable()) { if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue(); } else { $parameters[] = function ($arg) { }; } } else { if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue(); } else { if ($param->allowsNull()) { $parameters[] = null; } else { $parameters[] = false; } } } } return $parameters; }
如你所見,到目前為止我們只實現了從容器中取出例項,從哪裡去提供例項定義呢,所以我們還需要提供一個方水法
/** * @param string $id * @param string | array | callable $concrete * @throws ContainerException */ public function injection($id, $concrete) { if (is_array($concrete) && !isset($concrete['class'])) { throw new ContainerException('陣列必須包含類定義'); } $this->definitions[$id] = $concrete; }
只有這樣嗎?對的,有了這些操作我們已經有一個完整的容器了,插箱即用。
不過為了使用方便,我們可以再提供一些便捷的方法,比如陣列式訪問。
class Container extends AbstractContainer implements \ArrayAccess { public function offsetExists($offset) { return $this->has($offset); } public function offsetGet($offset) { return $this->get($offset); } public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { return $this->injection($offset, $value); } public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset($this->resolvedEntries[$offset]); unset($this->definitions[$offset]); } }
這樣我們就擁有了一個功能豐富,使用方便的輕量級容器了,趕快整合到你的專案中去吧。
點選這裡檢視完整程式碼