Python爬蟲之PyQuery使用（六）
摘要：
Python爬蟲之PyQuery使用
PyQuery簡介
pyquery能夠通過選擇器精確定位 DOM 樹中的目標並進行操作。pyquery相當於jQuery的python實現，可以用於解析HTML網頁等。它的語法與jQuery幾乎完全相同，對於使用過jQuery的人來...
Python爬蟲之PyQuery使用
PyQuery簡介
pyquery能夠通過選擇器精確定位 DOM 樹中的目標並進行操作。pyquery相當於jQuery的python實現，可以用於解析HTML網頁等。它的語法與jQuery幾乎完全相同，對於使用過jQuery的人來說很熟悉，也很好上手。
初始化
有 4 種方法可以進行初始化：
可以通過傳入 字串、lxml、檔案 或者 url 來使用PyQuery
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from lxml import etree
d = pq("<html></html>")#傳入字串
d = pq(etree.fromstring("<html></html>"))#傳入lxml
d = pq(url='http://baidu.com/') #傳入url
d = pq(filename=path_to_html_file) #傳入檔案
基本CSS選擇器
html='''
<html>
<body>
<ul class="mh-col">
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-1"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%8B%8DMV%E5%9D%A0%E4%BA%A1&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
歌手高空拍MV墜亡
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-up">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-2"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BD%9B%E7%A5%96%E6%9C%B1%E9%BE%99%E5%B9%BF%E9%87%91%E5%A9%9A&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D&fr=hao_360so_history_b" target="_blank">
佛祖朱龍廣金婚
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-down">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-3"}' href="http://www.so.com/link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbaike.so.com%2Fzt%2Fzufangfangpian.html%3Fsrc%3Dreci&q=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%8C&ts=1540365398&t=c6890eee0e669832ca96d5223582d6e" target="_blank">
常見租房陷阱
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-up">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-4"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E9%9D%B3%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%9E%E5%BA%94%E5%8F%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%97%E8%AF%8D&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
靳東迴應發錯詩詞
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-5"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%85%A4%E8%80%81%E6%9D%BF%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E6%B1%9F%E6%B9%96&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
煤老闆們的影視江湖
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-6"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=1024%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98%E8%8A%82&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
1024程式員節
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-7"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%BE%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
美的合併小天鵝
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis">
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-8"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%86%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F4%E8%BD%A6%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
京昆高速4車相撞
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
# 獲取所有a標籤
print(doc('body .mh-col li a'))
注意：
類名用.
id用#
標籤用標籤名
另外選擇的是具有層級關係，從左到右，不是直接的父子的關係。
執行結果如下：
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-1"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%8B%8DMV%E5%9D%A0%E4%BA%A1&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
歌手高空拍MV墜亡
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-2"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BD%9B%E7%A5%96%E6%9C%B1%E9%BE%99%E5%B9%BF%E9%87%91%E5%A9%9A&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D&fr=hao_360so_history_b" target="_blank">
佛祖朱龍廣金婚
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-3"}" href="http://www.so.com/link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbaike.so.com%2Fzt%2Fzufangfangpian.html%3Fsrc%3Dreci&q=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%8C&ts=1540365398&t=c6890eee0e669832ca96d5223582d6e" target="_blank">
常見租房陷阱
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-4"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E9%9D%B3%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%9E%E5%BA%94%E5%8F%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%97%E8%AF%8D&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
靳東迴應發錯詩詞
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-5"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%85%A4%E8%80%81%E6%9D%BF%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E6%B1%9F%E6%B9%96&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
煤老闆們的影視江湖
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-6"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=1024%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98%E8%8A%82&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
1024程式設計師節
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-7"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%BE%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
美的合併小天鵝
</a>
<a class="g-a-noline" data-md="{"b":"list","p":"1-8"}" href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%86%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F4%E8%BD%A6%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
京昆高速4車相撞
</a>
操作
html='''
<html>
<body>
<ul class="mh-col">
<li class="g-ellipsis1">
<a class="g-a-noline1" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-1"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%8B%8DMV%E5%9D%A0%E4%BA%A1&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
歌手高空拍MV墜亡
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-up">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis2">
<a class="g-a-noline2" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-2"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BD%9B%E7%A5%96%E6%9C%B1%E9%BE%99%E5%B9%BF%E9%87%91%E5%A9%9A&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D&fr=hao_360so_history_b" target="_blank">
佛祖朱龍廣金婚
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-down">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis3">
<a class="g-a-noline3" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-3"}' href="http://www.so.com/link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbaike.so.com%2Fzt%2Fzufangfangpian.html%3Fsrc%3Dreci&q=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%8C&ts=1540365398&t=c6890eee0e669832ca96d5223582d6e" target="_blank">
常見租房陷阱
</a>
<span class="mh-ico-up">
</span>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis4">
<a class="g-a-noline4" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-4"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E9%9D%B3%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%9E%E5%BA%94%E5%8F%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%97%E8%AF%8D&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
靳東迴應發錯詩詞
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis5">
<a class="g-a-noline5" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-5"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%85%A4%E8%80%81%E6%9D%BF%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E6%B1%9F%E6%B9%96&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
煤老闆們的影視江湖
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis6">
<a class="g-a-noline6" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-6"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=1024%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98%E8%8A%82&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
1024程式設計師節
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis7">
<a class="g-a-noline7" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-7"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E7%BE%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
美的合併小天鵝
</a>
</li>
<li class="g-ellipsis8">
<a class="g-a-noline8" data-md='{"b":"list","p":"1-8"}' href="https://www.so.com/s?ie=utf-8&src=know_side_nlp_sohot&q=%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%86%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F4%E8%BD%A6%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E&ob_ext=%7B%22rsv_cq%22%3A%22%5Cu5468%5Cu6770%5Cu4f26%5Cu7684%5Cu6b4c%22%2C%22rt%22%3A%22%5Cu5b9e%5Cu65f6%5Cu70ed%5Cu641c%22%2C%22rclken%22%3Anull%7D" target="_blank">
<p>新聞</p>
京昆高速4車相撞
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.mh-col')
#.find()：查詢巢狀元素
alist = items.find('li a')
print(alist)
#查詢所有子元素
alist2 = items.children()
print(alist2)
#查詢指定的子元素
alist3 = items.children('.g-ellipsis1')
print(alist2)
#查詢父元素
#注意：一個元素只有一個父元素
body = items.parent()
print(body)
#查詢祖先元素
content = items.parents()
print(content)
#查詢兄弟元素
li = doc('.mh-col .g-ellipsis1')
print(li.siblings())
#遍歷 單個元素
#遍歷所有的a標籤
alist =doc('.mh-col li a').items()
for a in alist: print(a)
獲取資訊
獲取屬性
a =doc('.mh-col li .g-a-noline8')
print(a.attr['href'])
print(a.attr.href)
獲取文字
a =doc('.mh-col li .g-a-noline8')
print(a.text())
獲取HTML
a =doc('.mh-col li .g-a-noline8')
print(a.html())
簡單的DOM操作
#addClass、removerClass
#修改類名
a =doc('.mh-col li .g-a-noline8')
print(a)
a.removeClass('g-a-noline8')
print(a)
a.addClass('g-a-noline8')
print(a)
#attr、css
#修改屬性和樣式
a =doc('.mh-col li .g-a-noline8')
print(a)
a.attr('name','link')
print(a)
a.css('font-size','14px')
print(a)
#remove
#刪除標籤
li = doc('.mh-col .g-ellipsis8')
print(li)
li.find('a').remove()
print(li)
更多的DOM操作：https://pyquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html