預測：2019年區塊鏈將賦能製造業

區塊鏈 · 發表 2018-11-01 15:40:48

摘要：原標題：How Blockchain Can Improve Manufacturing In 2019 2019年區塊鏈將如何改善製造業? 資料觀|和璟禕(編譯) •The business value-add of blockchain will grow to slig...

原標題：How Blockchain Can Improve Manufacturing In 2019

2019年區塊鏈將如何改善製造業?

資料觀|和璟禕(編譯)

•The business value-add of blockchain will grow to slightly more than $176B by 2025, then exceed $3.1T by 2030 according to Gartner.

•Typical product recalls cost $8M, and many could be averted with improved track-and-traceability enabled by blockchain.

•Combining blockchain and IoT will revolutionize product safety, track-and-traceability, warranty management, Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO), and lead to new usage-based business models for smart, connected products.

•By 2023, 30% of manufacturing companies with more than $5B in revenue will have implemented Industry 4.0 pilot projects using blockchain, up from less than 5% today according to Gartner.

•高德納(Gartner)資料顯示，到2025年，區塊鏈的業務增值將略高於1760億美元，到2030年將有望突破3.1萬億美元。

•典型的產品召回成本為800萬美元，大多可以通過增進區塊鏈的溯源性來避免。

•區塊鏈和物聯網的結合將徹底變革產品的安全、跟蹤溯源、保修管理、維護、維修和檢修(MRO)，並引領一輪基於智聯網產品的新興商業模式。

•高德納(Gartner)的資料還顯示，到2023年，營收超過50億美元的製造企業中，將有30%利用區塊鏈技術實施工業4.0的試點專案，高於目前不到5%的企業。

Blockchain’s greatest potential to deliver business value is in manufacturing. Increasing visibility across every area of manufacturing starting with suppliers, strategic sourcing, procurement, and supplier quality to shop floor operations including machine-level monitoring and service, blockchain can enable entirely new manufacturing business models. Supply chains are the foundation of every manufacturing business, capable of making use of blockchain’s distributed ledger structure and block-based approach to aggregating value-exchange transactions to improve supply chain efficiency first. By improving supplier order accuracy, product quality, and trace-and-traceability, manufacturers will be able to meet delivery dates, improve product quality and sell more.

區塊鏈在商業價值中的最大潛力源於製造業。從供應商、戰略採購、採購和供應商質量到包含機器級監控和服務的車間操作，區塊鏈可以實現全新的製造業務模式。供應鏈是每個製造企業的基礎，它能夠首先利用區塊鏈的分散式賬本結構和基於塊的方法聚合價值交換交易，提高供應鏈效率。通過提高供應商訂單的準確性、產品質量和跟蹤溯源性，製造商將能夠滿足交貨日期，提高產品質量和銷售量。

Capgemini Research Institute’s recent study, Does blockchain hold the key to a new age of supply chain transparency and trust? provide valuable insights into how blockchain can improve supply chains and manufacturing.Capgemini surveyed 731 organizations globally regarding their existing and planned blockchain initiatives. Initial interviews yielded 447 organizations who are currently experimenting with or implementing blockchain. Please see pages 25 & 26 of the study for additional details regarding the methodology.

凱捷管理顧問公司(Capgemini，一家全球性資訊科技服務管理領導廠商)最近的一項研究：區塊鏈是否掌握了新時代供應鏈透明度和信任度的關鍵? 這項研究對於區塊鏈如何改善供應鏈和製造業提供了有價值的洞見。Capgemini調查了全球731個組織，調查了他們現有的以及計劃中的區塊鏈計劃。首批受訪者中產生447個組織，目前正在試驗或實施區塊鏈。

Key takeaways of the study include the following:

這項研究的主要結論包括:

Typical product recalls cost $8M, and many could be averted with improved track-and-traceability enabled by blockchain. Capgemini found that there was 456 food recalls alone in the U.S. last year, costing nearly $3.5B. Blockchain’s general ledger structure provides a real-time audit trail for all transactions secured against modifications making it ideal for audit and compliance-intensive industries.

典型的產品召回成本為800萬美元，大多可以通過增進區塊鏈的溯源性來避免。Capgemini研究機構發現，去年僅美國就有456起食品召回事件，花費近35億美元。區塊鏈的總分類帳結構提供了一個實時審計跟蹤所有交易擔保的修改，使其成為審計和合規密集型行業的理想選擇。

Gaining greater cost savings (89%), enhancing traceability (81%) and enhancing transparency (79%) are the top three drivers behind manufacturer’s blockchain investments today. Additional drivers include increasing revenues (57%), reducing risks (50%), creating new business opportunities (44%) and being more customer-centric (38%). The following graphic from the study illustrates the manufacturer's priorities for blockchain. Capgemini finds that improving track-and-traceability is a primary driver across all manufacturers, consistent with the broader trend of manufacturers adopting software applications that improve this function today. That’s also understandable given how additional regulatory compliance requirements are coming in 2019 and those manufacturers competing in highly regulated industries including aerospace & defense, medical devices, and pharma are exploring how blockchain can give them a competitive edge now

節省更多成本(89%)、提高可追溯性(81%)和提高透明度(79%)是目前製造商在區塊鏈投資背後的三大驅動力。其他的驅動力包括增加收入(57%)，降低風險(50%)，創造新的商業機會(44%)和以客戶為中心(38%)。下圖說明了製造商對於區塊鏈的優先考慮因素。Capgemini研究機構發現，改進跟蹤和溯源性是所有制造商的主要驅動力，這與當今製造商採用軟體應用程式改進此功能的廣泛趨勢一致。考慮到2019年將會有更多法規出臺，那些活躍於航空航天國防、醫療裝置和製藥等嚴格監管行業裡的製造商們正在探索區塊鏈如何能帶來競爭優勢，這也是可以理解的。

Digital marketplaces, tracking critical supply chain parameters, tracking components quality, preventing counterfeit products, and tracking asset maintenance are the five areas Capgemini predicts blockchain will see the greatest adoption. Based on interviews with industry experts and startups, Capgemini found 24 blockchain use cases which are compared by level of adoption and complexity in the graphic below. The use cases reflect how managing supplier contracts is already emerging as one of the most popular blockchain use cases for manufacturing organizations today and will accelerate as compliance becomes even more important in 2019.

數字市場、跟蹤關鍵供應鏈引數、跟蹤元件質量、防止假冒產品和跟蹤資產維護是Capgemini預測區塊鏈應用最廣泛的五個領域。通過對行業專家和初創公司的採訪，Capgemini發現了24個區塊鏈的使用案例，這些案例在下面的圖表中按採用級別和複雜性進行了比較。這些用例反映瞭如何管理供應商合同已經成為當今製造業最流行的區塊鏈使用案例之一，並將在2019年隨著合規性變得愈加重要。

Manufacturers have the most at-scale deployments of blockchain today, leading all industries included in the study. Blockchain adoption is still nascent across all industries included in the study, with 6% of manufacturers having at-scale implementations today. Customer products manufacturers lead in pilots, with 15% actively [purusing blockchain in limited scope today. And retailers trail all industries with 91% having only proofs of concept.

目前，製造商在區塊鏈領域進行了大規模的部署，領先於研究中的所有行業。在所有被納入研究的行業中，區塊鏈的採用仍處於萌芽階段，目前有6%的製造商實現了大規模應用。客戶產品製造商在試點中處於領先地位，目前有15%的客戶在有限範圍內使用區塊鏈。而零售商落後於所有行業，91%的零售商只有概念的證明。

Combining IoT and blockchain at the container level in supply chains increases authenticity, transparency, compliance to product and contractual requirements while reducing counterfeiting. In highly regulated industries including Aerospace & Defense (A&D), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG), medical devices, and pharma, combining IoT and blockchain provides real-time data on container conditions, tamper-proof storage, each shipment’s locational history and if there have been changes in temperature and product condition. Capgemini sees use cases where a change in a shipment’s temperature as measured by a sensor change sends alerts regarding contractual compliance of perishable meats and produce, averting the potential of bad product quality and rejected shipments once they reach their destination.

在供應鏈的集裝箱層面，將物聯網和區塊鏈結合在一起，增加了產品的真實性、透明度、以及產品合規性和合同要求，同時減少了仿冒品。在航空航天和國防(A&D)、消費品包裝(CPG)、醫療裝置和製藥等監管嚴格的行業中，物聯網和區塊鏈的結合提供了集裝箱狀況、防篡改儲存、每批貨物的位置歷史以及溫度和產品狀況是否發生變化的實時資料。Capgemini發現，在某些用例中，通過感測器測量的貨物溫度的變化會發出關於易腐爛肉類和農產品的合同合規性的警報，從而避免了產品質量不佳的潛在風險，避免貨物到達目的地後被拒收。

Capgemini found that 13% of manufacturers are Pacesetters and are either implementing blockchain at scale or have pilots in at least one site. Over 60% of Pacesetters believe that blockchain is already transforming the way they collaborate with their partners. Encouraged by these results, Pacesetters are set to increase their blockchain investment by 30% in the next three years. They lead early stage experimenters and all implementers on three core dimensions of organizational readiness. These include end-to-end visibility across functions, detailed and defined supportive processes, and availability of the right talent to succeed.

Capgemini發現，13%的製造商是領軍者，要麼在大規模實施區塊鏈，要麼在至少一個地點進行試點。超過60%的先行者相信區塊鏈已經改變了他們與合作伙伴的合作方式。在這些結果的鼓舞下，領軍者計劃在未來三年將區塊鏈的投資增加30%。他們從三個核心維度上引領了早期試行者和所有實施者的組織意願，包括跨功能的端到端可見性，詳細和明確的支援過程，以及有成功天賦的可用人才。

Lack of a clear ROI, immature technology and regulatory challenges are the top three hurdles Pacesetter-class manufacturers face in getting blockchain initiatives accepted and into production. All implementations face these three challenges in addition to having to overcome the lack of complementary IT systems at the partner organizations. The following graphic compares the hurdles all manufacturers face in getting blockchain projects implemented by the level of manufacturers adoption success (Pacesetter, early-stage experimenters, all implementers).

缺乏明確的ROI(投資回報率)，不成熟的技術和監管挑戰是先鋒製造商在接受區塊鏈計劃並投入生產時面臨的三大障礙。除了必須克服合作伙伴組織中缺乏互補的IT系統之外，所有區塊鏈計劃實施都面臨這三個挑戰。下面的圖表比較了所有制造商在不同級別(領軍者、早期試行者、所有實現者)實施區塊鏈專案時所面臨的障礙。