MySQL 安裝配置

MySQL 安裝配置

MySQL 是最流行的關係型資料庫管理系統，由瑞典MySQL AB公司開發，目前屬於Oracle公司。

MySQL所使用的SQL語言是用於訪問資料庫的最常用標準化語言。

MySQL由於其體積小、速度快、總體擁有成本低，尤其是開放原始碼這一特點，一般中小型網站的開發都選擇MySQL作為網站資料庫。

MySQL 安裝

本教程的系統平臺：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。

一、安裝編譯工具及庫檔案

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

二、 安裝cmake 編譯器

cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1。

1、下載地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

2、解壓安裝包

$ tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

3、進入安裝包目錄

$ cd cmake-3.1.1

4、編譯安裝

$ ./bootstrap
$ make && make install

三、安裝 MySQL

MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.15。

1、下載地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

2、解壓安裝包

$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

3、進入安裝包目錄

$ cd mysql-5.6.15

4、編譯安裝

$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
$ make && make install

5、檢視mysql版本:

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version

到此，mysql安裝完成。

MySQL 配置

1、建立mysql執行使用的使用者mysql：

$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
$ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

2、建立binlog和庫的儲存路徑並賦予mysql使用者許可權

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql
$ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/

3、建立my.cnf配置檔案

將/etc/my.cnf替換為下面內容

$ cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /www/data_mysql
log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

4、初始化資料庫

$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

顯示如下資訊：

Installing MySQL system tables...2015-01-26 20:18:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK

Filling help tables...2015-01-26 20:18:57 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
...

5、建立開機啟動指令碼

$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/
$ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
$ chkconfig --add mysqld 
$ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on

6、啟動mysql伺服器

$ service mysqld start

7、連線 MySQL

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

修改MySQL使用者密碼

mysqladmin -u使用者名稱 -p舊密碼 password 新密碼

或進入mysql命令列

SET PASSWORD FOR '使用者名稱'@'主機' = PASSWORD(‘密碼');

建立新使用者並授權:

grant all privileges on *.* to 使用者名稱@'%' identified by '密碼' with grant option;

其他命令

• 啟動：service mysqld start
• 停止：service mysqld stop
• 重啟：service mysqld restart
• 過載配置：service mysqld reload