一、mysql下載     選擇mysql的版本，作業系統平臺以及作業系統的版本     
二、解壓mysql安裝包    2.1新建目錄mysql-install-package並將mysql的安裝包拷貝到新建的目錄中 [[email protected] ~]$ mkdir mysql-install-package [[email protected]ster ~]$ cp MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  mysql-install-package/ [[email protected] ~]$   2.2進入目錄mysql-install-package，執行命令

tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar，將壓縮包進行解壓縮 [[email protected] ~]$ cd mysql-install-package/ [[email protected] mysql-install-package]$ ls MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [[email protected] mysql-install-package]$ tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-test-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-embedded-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 三、以RPM方式安裝MySQL 3.1在RHEL系統中安裝mysql需要先執行MySQL-shared-5.5.58-1.el6.x86_64.rpm，這個相容包，然後才能安裝server，先後執行以下命令進行mysql的安裝 1.yum install MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm   #安裝mysql相容包 2.yum install MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm    #安裝mysql的伺服器程式 3.yum install MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm     #安裝mysql的客戶端程式 4.yum install MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm    #安裝mysql的庫和標頭檔案 3.2安裝過程記錄     安裝時，mysql會自動為root使用者生成一個隨機登入密碼，該密碼儲存在檔案/root/.mysql_secret中，並提示我們在登入資料庫後對密碼進行修改 [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# yum install MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 Marking MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package MySQL-shared.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package                   Arch                Version                     Repository                                      Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: MySQL-shared              x86_64              5.6.38-1.el6                /MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64              8.6 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install       1 Package(s) Total size: 8.6 M Installed size: 8.6 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.   Installing : MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1   Verifying  : MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1 Installed:   MySQL-shared.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6                                                                                             Complete! [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# yum install MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 Marking MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package MySQL-server.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package                   Arch                Version                     Repository                                      Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: MySQL-server              x86_64              5.6.38-1.el6                /MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64              244 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install       1 Package(s) Total size: 244 M Installed size: 244 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing : MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1 2017-10-17 20:38:11 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-10-17 20:38:11 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-10-17 20:38:11 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 15616 ... 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2017-10-17 20:38:11 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 0 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] Binlog end 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-10-17 20:38:12 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15616 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 2017-10-17 20:38:14 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-10-17 20:38:14 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-10-17 20:38:14 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 15638 ... 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 1625977 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] Binlog end 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-10-17 20:38:14 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-10-17 20:38:16 15638 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER ! You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'. You must change that password on your first connect, no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted. See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag. Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed. In addition, you can run:   /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test database. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings   Verifying  : MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1 Installed:   MySQL-server.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6                                                                                             Complete! [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# yum install MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 Marking MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package MySQL-client.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package                   Arch                Version                     Repository                                      Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: MySQL-client              x86_64              5.6.38-1.el6                /MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64               83 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install       1 Package(s) Total size: 83 M Installed size: 83 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing : MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1   Verifying  : MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/1 Installed:   MySQL-client.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6                                                                                             Complete! [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# yum install MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 Marking MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package MySQL-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package                   Arch                 Version                    Repository                                      Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: MySQL-devel               x86_64               5.6.38-1.el6               /MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                20 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install       1 Package(s) Total size: 20 M Installed size: 20 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing : MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                              1/1   Verifying  : MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64                                                                              1/1 Installed:   MySQL-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.38-1.el6                                                                                              Complete! 四、mysql安裝完成後，檢視mysql的安裝路徑，啟動、停止mysql服務 4.1檢視mysql安裝後相關的目錄內容 [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# find / -name mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /usr/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql/mysql /usr/bin/mysql   /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql 4.2啟動mysql服務 [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/Master.Hadoop.err'. . SUCCESS! 4.3停止mysql服務 [[email protected] mysql-install-package]# service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 五、修改mysql的安裝路徑  改變mysql資料庫的安裝目錄一般來說只要修改資料的存放目錄即可，即修改目錄/var/lib/mysql/的存放路徑，現將mysql資料存放目錄修改為/usr/local/mysql 5.1資料庫主要目錄內容介紹 1、資料庫目錄   /var/lib/mysql/   2、配置檔案   /usr/share/mysql（mysql.server命令及配置檔案）mysql5.5之後的預設安裝路徑，mysql5.5之前的是/usr/local/mysql 3、相關命令   /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)   4、啟動指令碼 /etc/rc.d/init.d/（啟動指令碼檔案mysql的目錄） 5.2 生成mysql.sock檔案，並儲存  因為在後面需要mysql.sock檔案，該檔案在mysql資料庫服務啟動的時候，會產生並存放在/var/lib/mysql目錄下 [[email protected] mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! [[email protected] hadoop]# cd /var/lib/mysql [[email protected] mysql]# ls auto.cnf  ib_logfile0  Master.Hadoop.err  mysql       performance_schema   RPM_UPGRADE_MARKER-LAST ibdata1   ib_logfile1  Master.Hadoop.pid  mysql.sock  RPM_UPGRADE_HISTORY  test 5.3把/var/lib/mysql整個目錄保持許可權複製到/usr/local [[email protected] mysql]# cp -arp /var/lib/mysql  /usr/local [[email protected] mysql]# service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 5.4修改my.cnf檔案 進入/etc目錄下查詢檔案my.cnf檔案是否存在，如果存在則直接進行修改，如果不存在，則進入目錄/usr/share/mysql下執行命令cp my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf 然後使用vi修改my.cnf檔案增加一下內容 datadir =/usr/local/mysql    #mysql資料庫的新目錄 socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #知名mysql.sock的產生位置 [[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... #datadir =..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... #socket =..... datadir =/usr/local/mysql socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 5.5最後做一個mysql.sock的軟連線： [[email protected] mysql]# ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock  /var//lib/mysql/mysql.sock 經過這五步操作，修改mysql的安裝目錄的操作就完成了，下面就登入mysql進行測試一下了 六、啟動mysql服務，使用root使用者登入mysql資料庫 6.1.啟動mysql資料庫的服務 [[email protected] mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL SUCCESS! 6.2.檢視mysql為我們隨機生成的登入密碼 MySQL的安裝日誌資訊中，你會看到MySQL生成了root使用者的隨機密碼（如下截圖所示），並將這個隨機密碼放置在/root/.mysql_secret中。並且強制在第一次登陸時修改root使用者的密碼。Mysql 5.6及以後版本出處於安全考慮，root密碼不為空。所以在MySQL的安裝過程中，會生成一個隨機密碼，該檔案為隱藏檔案， [[email protected] ~]# cd /root [[email protected] ~]# pwd /root [[email protected] ~]# ls -la total 124 dr-xr-x---.  4 root root  4096 Oct 17 20:38 . dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root  4096 Oct 16 01:07 .. -rw-------.  1 root root  2631 Sep 29 04:38 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-------.  1 root root 12450 Oct 17 22:30 .bash_history -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    18 May 20  2009 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 May 20  2009 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 Sep 22  2004 .bashrc -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   100 Sep 22  2004 .cshrc -rw-r--r--.  1 root root 41955 Sep 29 04:38 install.log -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  9154 Sep 29 04:36 install.log.syslog drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root  4096 Sep 29 23:00 .ivy2 -rw-------.  1 root root   403 Oct 17 02:56 .mysql_history -rw-------.  1 root root   104 Oct 17 20:38 .mysql_secret drwx------.  2 root root  4096 Sep 28 23:53 .ssh -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   129 Dec  3  2004 .tcshrc -rw-------.  1 root root     0 Sep 29 21:05 .Xauthority [[email protected] ~]# cat .mysql_secret # The random password set for the root user at Tue Oct 17 20:38:12 2017 (local time): fVf6JSCCgGqhbl5B 6.3.使用命令mysql -uroot -p登入mysql資料庫，輸入mysql安裝時為root使用者隨機生成的密碼，登入成功。 [[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1140 Server version: 5.6.38 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> 6.4.使用我們自己設定的密碼替代隨機密碼 1.設定新密碼為123456，然後退出登入，重啟mysql服務，然後就可以使用新設定的密碼登入mysql資料庫了 mysql> SET PASSWoRD FOR 'root'@'localhost'=PASSWoRD('123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> quit Bye [[email protected] mysql]# service mysql restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS! [[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | test               | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> 七、已RPM方式完全解除安裝mysql資料庫 7.1檢視系統中是否有rpm方式安裝的mysql [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 7.2解除安裝mysql，以安裝mysql的逆序進行解除安裝 [[email protected] ~]#rpm -e MySQL-devel-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]#rpm -e MySQL-client-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]#rpm -e MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]#rpm -e MySQL-shared-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64 7.3清空與mysql相關的所有目錄及檔案,可以使用命令find / -name mysql 進行查詢 rm -rf/usr/share/mysql rm -rf /usr/my.cnf 至此，根據上述步驟讀者可以在redhat linux使用yum方式安裝mysql5.6，以及修改mysql的安裝路徑以及完全解除安裝mysql了。